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. 2021 Mar 23;11:6652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85765-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anatomically realistic nasal airway geometries: (a–c) respectively depict the sagittal, axial, and coronal views of the computed tomography (CT) based nasal domain in anatomic reconstruction 1 (AR1). (d,e) Representative CT slices for AR1. Therein, the green line in (d) corresponds to the location of the sagittal section shown in (e); the orange line in (e) corresponds to the location of the coronal section shown in (d). (f–h) Respectively depict the sagittal, axial, and coronal views of the CT-based nasal domain in anatomic reconstruction 2 (AR2). (i,j) Representative CT slices for AR2. Therein, the green line in (i) corresponds to the location of the sagittal section shown in (j); the orange line in (j) corresponds to the location of the coronal section shown in (i). The digital reconstructions only consider the main nasal cavity and leave out the sinus appendages. Nasopharynx is marked in red on the top row graphics. Visuals in (a–c), (f–h) are generated using the software ICEM CFD 15.0 (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, Pennsylvania; link to software homepage). The scans on (d,e) and (i,j) are extracted from the image processing software Mimics Research 18.0 (Materialise, Plymouth, Michigan; link to software homepage).