Table 1.
A literature survey summary regarding the physical and chemical approaches in order to modify the graphene-based nanomaterials for drug/gene delivery applications.
| Functionalization method | The precursors and/or the mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|
| Covalent | Fe3O4 | 12 |
| Chitosan | 13 | |
| Sulfonic acid | 14 | |
| Dextran | 15 | |
| Gelatin | 16 | |
| Folic acid | 17, 18 | |
| Polyethylene glycol | 19 | |
| Poly-L-lysine | 20 | |
| Polyethyleneimine | 21 | |
| Amphiphilic copolymers | 22 | |
| Polyacrylic acid | 23 | |
| Poly(vinyl alcohol) | 21 | |
| Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) | 24 | |
| Polysebacic anhydride | 25 | |
| Non-covalent | π–π interactions | 26, 27 |
| Electrostatic | 28, 29 | |
| Coordination bondings | 30 | |
| Van der Waals | 31, 32 | |
| Hydrogen bonding | 33 | |
| π–π interactions + electrostatic + van der Waals interactions + hydrogen bonding | This work |