Table 2.

A literature survey on the functionalized and modified carbon-based nanomaterials for gene delivery applications.

The category	Used materials	Notes	References
SWCNT	NH2-PEG-COOH, SWCNT-COOH, Aptamer, shRNA, Bcl-xL, PEI	Expensive method, not applicable for clinical trials, used for the transfection of Bcl-Xl shRNA	100
	PEG-NH2, SWCNT-COOH	Not applicable for clinical trials, used for the transfection of different range of genetic material, non-covalent modifications and attachements	101
	TERT siRNA, SWCNT, modified groups -CONH	Expensive carrier, not easy to produce and scale up, used to transfecr siRNA, used in the suppression of TERT expression approaches	102
	Succinate, SWCNT modified with PEI (different kDa’s)	Chemical bindings to the modifiers were selected, not green approach	103
	MAM2 siRNA, DSPE-PEG-Amine functionalized, SWCNT	Used to transfer siRNA-based genetic material, not green approach, not easy synthesis method	104
	hTERT siRNA, SWCNT, NGR peptide, PEI	Used to transfer siRNA-based genetic material, not green approach, not easy synthesis method	105
MWCNT	CdTe QDs, PAMAM, MWCNT, PEI, PDDA, Chitosan	Used electrostatic approach for the gene transfection, not green, not applicable for scale up for clinical trials	106
	Glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride siRNA, Dendron, MWCNT	Used electrostatic and chemical approach for the gene transfection, not green, not applicable for scale up for clinical trials	107
	siRNA, PAA, PEI, MWCNT	Used chemical and physical interaction for the immobalizations, not green, not applicable for clinical trials	108
	Cy3, MWCNT, pGL-3, PAA	Used a novel approach for the intracellular evaluation of the carrier using Cy3 labeled pGL-3	109
Graphene	PEI, pDNA, PLGA, oxidized graphene	Used electrostatic interaction for the gene delivery, Not green, Not applicable for clinical trials	110
	Graphene oxide, PEI, PSS, Adriamycin	Co- and simultaneouse delivery of both anti-miR-21 and Adriamycin, showed acceptable endosomal escape, not easy and green and cost-effective synthesis method	111
	Quantum dots, graphene, pDNA, MPG-2H1 chimeric peptide	Used graphene quantum dots functionalized with not cost-effective linkers, showed successful endosomal escape and cellular nuclear targeting	112
	LNA-m-MB, graphene, PEI	Both chemical and physical interactions, acceptable endosomal escape and transfection efficiency	113
	siRNA, EGFP, oxidized graphene	Great transfection efficiency, not easy to scale up, may have significant cytotoxicity in the clinical trials	114
	pCRISPR, EGFP, CoNi2S4, graphene, ZnO	One-pot and easy synthesis method, acceptable transfection efficiency, acceptable endosomal escape ability, superior stability, can be scale up for clinical trials	This work