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. 2021 Mar 23;11:6690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86251-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of inflammatory parameters and multiplexed serum markers in UC. (A) Illustration of the experimental layout, restricted to UC patients during remission at inclusion (T1). Patients were followed-up over 1 year. Half of the patients had a relapse during follow-up. A second sample was obtained at T2, either at the time of the flare of at the end of follow-up in remission. (B) Heatmap of serum marker data from bead array assay, ELISA data (S100A8/A9, S100A12) and routine inflammatory parameters (ESR, CRP, WBC) following unsupervised hierarchical clustering and complete linkage analyses (RStudio, R 3.5.0, the R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). (C) Markers with significantly different levels at T1 between IBD patients with stable remission (stable R) or unstable remission (unstable R) (left panel column), and comparison of respective marker levels between T1 and T2 during stable (middle panel column) or unstable remission (right panel column). Acquisition was performed with a BioRad FlexMAP3D (BioRad laboratories, Hercules, USA) in combination with xPONENT software, version 4.2 (Luminex). Data were analyzed using Bio-Plex Manager software, version 6.1.1 (BioRad). Data of individual serum biomarkers were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U or, when paired, by Wilcoxon signed rank test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.