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. 2021 Mar 23;11:6629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84609-8

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Summary of metabolic reprogramming observed in patients with ADPKD: changes in activity of NO and urea cycles, aspartate/asparagine and glutamine/glutamate cycles and methylation/ methionine cycles. Arrows indicate directional changes (increase/decrease) with lighter arrows expressing less pronounced changes. ADMA: asymmetric dimethylarginine, ARG: arginase1, ASNase: asparaginase, ASNS: asparagine synthetase, ASS1: argininosuccinate synthase 1, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, GLSase: glutaminase, GS: glutamine synthetase, ODC: ornithine decarboxylase, SAM: S-adenosylmethionine, SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine, SAHH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.