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. 2021 Mar 10;12:633167. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633167

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The differential expression of immune soluble factors released in the CSF of patients with progressive MS in active and inactive diseases. The levels of IL-1ra, IL-9, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, eotaxin, and VEGF were measured, by multiplex assay, in the CSF of subjects with progressive MS distinct by the absence (inactive) or the presence (active) of gadolinium detection on MRI. Each CSF sample was analyzed in duplicate and means are represented. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare different conditions. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.