Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) monitoring across subgroups of intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS)
| CIWA-Ar Assessmenta | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 43) No. (Row %) |
Yes (n = 54) No. (Row %) |
p-value | Adjusted Prevalenceb | 95% CI | |||
| Age, years | 50.0c (11.9)d | 49.8c (12.2)d | 0.936 | * | * | ||
| Male | 37 (46.8) | 42 (53.2) | 0.431 | 53.5 | 46.9–60.0 | ||
| Race | 0.014 | ||||||
| AI/AN | 1 (9.1) | 10 (90.9) | 65.6 | 41.2–89.9 | |||
| Black | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 29.5 | 8.6–50.3 | |||
| White | 31 (44.3) | 39 (55.7) | 60.3 | 54.5–66.2 | |||
| Other | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 18.1 | 0–48.2 | |||
| Latino/Hispanic |
5 (45.5) |
6 (54.6) | 1.00 | – | – | ||
| Non-English primary language | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0.696 | – | – | ||
| Single | 32 (42.7) | 43 (57.3) | 0.628 | – | – | ||
| Homeless | 9 (34.6) | 17 (65.4) | 0.260 | – | – | ||
| Severity of Illness | 0.001 | ||||||
| Extreme | 24 (70.6) | 10 (29.4) | 57.7 | 44.1–71.3 | |||
| Major | 11 (29.7) | 26 (70.3) | 53.0 | 43.6–62.3 | |||
| Moderate | 8 (33.3) | 16 (66.7) | 54.5 | 44.3–64.6 | |||
| Minor | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | * | * | |||
| Intubated | 34 (91.9) | 3 (8.1) | < 0.001 | 8.6 | 0–19.6 | ||
| Admitting service | 0.326 | – | – | ||||
| Medical ICU | 18 (36.7) | 31 (63.3) | – | – | |||
| Trauma ICU | 13 (54.2) | 11 (45.8) | – | – | |||
| Neurological ICU | 12 (50.0) | 12 (50.0) | – | – | |||
| Prior-year hospitalization with AWS | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | 0.009 | 65.4 | 47.0–83.9 | ||
| Positive serum/urine alcohol levele | 20 (34.5) | 38 (65.5) | 0.022 | 52.7 | 45.4–60.1 | ||
CI confidence interval, A/AN American Indian/Alaska Native, * empty or unable to estimate,– variable not included in multivariable regression analysis
aAssessment completed within 24 h of ICU admission
bEstimated using multivariable logistic regression including significant univariate associations (race, severity of illness, intubation, prior-year AWS, positive alcohol level) and other covariates selected a priori (age, sex) and the margins command in STATA; in the adjusted logistic regression analyses, only race and intubation were significantly associated with CIWA-Ar assessment (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively)
cMean
dStandard deviation
eAssessment completed within 24 h of hospital presentation