Table 6.
Unadjusted Odds Ratios for Intentions to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 by COVID-19 Disease and Vaccination Attitudes and Values.
| Survey Questions/Responses |
Comparisons between COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions, OR (95% CI)a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likely to Vaccinate ASAP vs. not | Likely to Vaccinate Eventually vs. not | Unlikely vs. Likely to Vaccinate ASAP | Wait and Learn vs. Likely to Vaccinate ASAP | |
| Constructs | ||||
| High (scales dichotomized above the median scale score)b | ||||
| Confidence in Ability to Avoid COVID-19 Infection | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 1.45 (1.13–1.86) | 0.61 (0.43–0.85) | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) |
| Support for communitarianism (vs. individualism) | 2.74 (2.25–3.35) | 4.81 (3.56–6.50) | 0.12 (0.08–0.18) | 0.45 (0.36–0.55) |
| Support for egalitarianism (vs. hierarchy) | 2.03 (1.68–2.46) | 2.82 (2.20–3.62) | 0.37 (0.27–0.52) | 0.52 (0.43–0.64) |
| Confidence in Vaccines | 10.27 (8.26–12.77) | 19.80 (13.08–29.99) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.12 (0.10–0.16) |
| Trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | 2.72 (2.24–3.32) | 3.40 (2.57–4.50) | 0.22 (0.15–0.33) | 0.41 (0.33–0.50) |
| Trust in Local and State Health Departments | 2.50 (2.06–3.03) | 3.59 (2.76–4.66) | 0.20 (0.14–0.29) | 0.47 (0.38–0.57) |
| Affirmative Responses to Survey Questions | ||||
| Responding “Yes”c | ||||
| Have you been diagnosed with COVID-19? | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 0.89 (0.52–1.54) | 0.48 (0.17–1.39) | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) |
| Do you have any immediate family members (spouse, sibling, parent or child) who were diagnosed with COVID-19? | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) | 0.90 (0.66–1.24) | 1.26 (0.82–1.94) | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) |
| Do you have any other relatives (not immediate family) who were diagnosed with COVID-19? | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 1.53 (1.17–2.00) | 0.75 (0.52–1.08) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) |
| Do you have any friends, acquaintances or co-workers who have been diagnosed with COVID-19? | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) | 1.32 (1.03–1.68) | 0.73 (0.52–1.01) | 1.10 (0.88–1.36) |
| Do you personally know anybody who has been hospitalized or died from COVID-19? | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) |
| Have you been diagnosed with any of the following health conditions? d | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 1.46 (1.09–1.96) | 0.67 (0.44–1.02) | 0.68 (0.54–0.85) |
| Have you or anyone you know ever had a serious reaction to a vaccine? | 0.31 (0.21–0.46) | 0.26 (0.18–0.38) | 5.16 (3.10–8.59) | 2.74 (1.83–4.10) |
| During the past 12 months, have you had a flu shot? | 3.87 (3.17–4.73) | 5.97 (4.52–7.88) | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 0.32 (0.26–0.39) |
| Responding “Somewhat Likely”, “Likely” or “Very Likely” | ||||
| How likely do you think it is that you will be infected with COVID-19 over the next year? | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | 1.50 (1.15–1.95) | 0.59 (0.41–0.85) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) |
| How likely are you to discuss COVID-19 vaccine with your healthcare provider? | 6.07 (4.61–7.99) | 12.47 (9.37–16.61) | 0.04 (0.02–0.06) | 0.23 (0.17–0.31) |
| Responding “Somewhat Severe” or “Very Severe” | ||||
| If you become infected with COVID-19, how severe do you think the infection will be? | 2.08 (1.70–2.53) | 3.04 (2.28–4.06) | 0.29 (0.19–0.43) | 0.54 (0.44–0.67) |
| Responding “Important” or “Very Important” | ||||
| How important do you think a COVID-19 vaccine is to stop the spread of infection in the US? | 44.37 (18.07–108.97) | 34.69 (22.93–52.48) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) |
| Responding “Somewhat Good” or “Very Good” | ||||
| How good do you think current drugs are in treating COVID-19? | 1.30 (1.06–1.61) | 1.53 (1.19–1.96) | 0.53 (0.38–0.75) | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) |
| Responding “Usually” or “Almost Always” | ||||
| How often do you wear a mask when you are not at home and may come in contact with other people? | 3.20 (2.23–4.59) | 4.18 (2.98–5.87) | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | 0.39 (0.27–0.58) |
| Responding “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”e | ||||
| I worry about the government requiring personal information (name, address, phone number, insurance card) in order to get a COVID-19 vaccine. | 0.47 (0.38–0.57) | 0.36 (0.28–0.45) | 3.76 (2.68–5.26) | 1.86 (1.52–2.29) |
| I am confident in the safety of vaccines. f | 13.20 (10.10–17.26) | 13.83 (10.35–18.47) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.10 (0.08–0.13) |
| I do not trust a vaccine unless it has already been safely given to millions of other people. f | 0.20 (0.16–0.25) | 0.36 (0.27–0.47) | 3.95 (2.76–5.65) | 5.29 (4.21–6.65) |
| I am concerned about some of the ingredients in vaccines. f | 0.20 (0.16–0.25) | 0.16 (0.12–0.22) | 11.10 (6.73–18.29) | 4.28 (3.44–5.33) |
| Vaccine recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are a good fit for me. f | 13.35 (9.97–17.88) | 20.51 (15.25–27.57) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.11 (0.08–0.14) |
| I am concerned that the government and drug companies experiment on people like me. f | 0.22 (0.18–0.27) | 0.18 (0.13–0.24) | 12.69 (8.08–19.91) | 3.74 (3.03–4.63) |
| The benefits of vaccines are much bigger than their risks. f | 9.51 (6.98–12.96) | 9.81 (7.49–12.86) | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | 0.14 (0.10–0.20) |
| The CDC accurately informs the public of both health risks and benefits of medicines. g | 3.97 (3.14–5.01) | 4.69 (3.65–6.03) | 0.11 (0.08–0.16) | 0.31 (0.25–0.40) |
| Local and state health departments accurately inform the public of both health risks and benefits of medicines. h | 3.20 (2.58–3.98) | 3.96 (3.09–5.07) | 0.15 (0.10–0.21) | 0.38 (0.30–0.48) |
| Importance in decision whether to take a COVID-19 vaccinei | ||||
| Responding “Somewhat Important” or “Very Important” | ||||
| Rates of COVID-19 infection in my community. | 1.47 (1.18–1.85) | 3.28 (2.54–4.23) | 0.23 (0.16–0.33) | 0.96 (0.74–1.23) |
| How serious COVID-19 is for people like me. | 2.37 (1.80–3.12) | 4.21 (3.19–5.57) | 0.14 (0.10–0.20) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84) |
| Effectiveness of drugs to treat COVID-19. | 1.36 (1.00–1.85) | 2.92 (2.11–4.03) | 0.23 (0.15–0.34) | 1.23 (0.85–1.79) |
| Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. | 10.41 (5.81–18.65) | 22.83 (14.26–36.55) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.23 (0.12–0.44) |
| Number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine needed. | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 1.78 (1.38–2.29) | 0.48 (0.34–0.67) | 1.48 (1.16–1.88) |
| COVID-19 vaccines are very safe. | 9.08 (4.78–17.24) | 14.74 (8.90–24.40) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0.25 (0.12–0.51) |
OR = Odds Ratio; 95%CI = 95% Confidence Interval; response options for survey question assessing intention to receive vaccine against COVID-19 dichotomized as follows from: Definitely Get It ASAP, Probably Get It ASAP, Probably Get It But Not ASAP, Probably Not Get It, and Definitely Not Get It; “Likely to Vaccinate ASAP vs not” indicates responses of either Definitely Get It ASAP or Probably Get It ASAP compared to all other responses; “Likely to Vaccinate Eventually vs not” indicates responses of either Definitely Get It ASAP, Probably Get It ASAP, or Probably Get It But Not ASAP compared to all other responses; “Unlikely to Vaccinate vs Likely to Vaccinate ASAP” indicates responses of Definitely Not Get It compared to Definitely Get It ASAP or Probably Get It ASAP; “Uncertain vs Likely to Vaccinate ASAP” indicates responses of Probably Get It But Not ASAP or Probably Not Get It compared to Definitely Get It ASAP or Probably Get It ASAP; these dichotomous intention categories used as dependent variables in simple logistic regression analyses; boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05); weighted according to survey weights to achieve national representativeness.
Summary scores created for each construct by quantifying and adding together the responses to the survey questions assessing each construct; most of these individual survey questions are not described in this table, and those that are were chosen based on specific interest and denoted as such with footnotes; scales assessing constructs dichotomized above (“high”) and below (“low”) the median scale score.
Those who responded “Don't know” or “Don't care to answer” coded as missing, dichotomous variable created comparing “Yes” to “No”.
Cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, a heart conditions (such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy), a weakened immune system (such as from an organ transplant, HIV, or from medicine you take), diabetes, obesity, sickle cell disease.
Likert scale response options (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree) dichotomized to agree/disagree, results for agreement show.
Included in the construct summary score “Confidence in Vaccines”.
Included in the construct summary score “Trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)”.
Included in the construct summary score “Trust in Local and State Health Departments”.
Importance scale response options (very important, important, not very important, not at all important) dichotomized to important/not important, results for importance shown.