Table 4.
Diagnostic performance of the most frequent symptoms and symptom combinations expressed as sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.
| Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | Positive predictive value % (95% CI) | Negative predictive value % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | 69.2 (49.6–88.9) | 17.4 (9.1–25.6) | 19.1 (10.7–27.6) | 66.7 (45.7–87.6) |
| Headache | 53.8 (32.8–74.9) | 80.4 (71.8–89.1) | 43.7 (25.0–62.5) | 86.0 (78.1–93.9) |
| Cough | 42.3 (21.4–63.2) | 57.6 (47.0–68.2) | 22.0 (9.5–34.5) | 77.9 (67.3–88.5) |
| Asthenia | 42.3 (21.4–63.2) | 67.4 (57.3–77.5) | 26.8 (12.0–41.6) | 80.5 (71.0–90.0) |
| Diarrhoea | 34.6 (14.4–54.8) | 79.3 (70.5–88.2) | 32.1 (13.1–51.2) | 81.1 (72.5–89.7) |
| Breathing difficulty | 26.9 (7.9–45.9) | 69.6 (59.6–79.5) | 20.0 (5.3–34.7) | 77.1 (67.5–86.7) |
| Fever and anosmia | 19.2 (2.1–36.3) | 96.7 (92.5–100.0) | 62.5 (22.7–100.0) | 80.9 (73.1–88.7) |
| Fever and dysgeusia | 15.3 (0.0–31.1) | 93.4 (87.8–99.07) | 40 (4.6–75.3) | 79.6 (71.5–87.6) |
| Fever and rhinorrhoea | 11.5 (0.0–25.7) | 90.2 (83.6–96.8) | 25.0 (0.0–53.6) | 78.3 (69.9–86.6) |
| Fever and cutaneous manifestations | 15.3 (0.0–31.1) | 85.8 (78.2–93.5) | 23.5 (0.4–46.6) | 78.2 (69.6–86.7) |
| Fever and headache | 42.3 (21.3–63.2) | 81.5 (73.0–90.0) | 39.2 (19.4–59.1) | 83.3 (75.0–91.5) |