Table 2.
Initial Echocardiographic Parameters.
| Echocardiogram Location, n (%) | |
| Emergency Department | 3 (5) |
| Floor, non-ICU | 14 (21) |
| ICU | 50 (75) |
| Echocardiogram Indication | |
| Coronavirus positive | 3 (5) |
| COVID-19 | 45 (67) |
| Other | 19 (28) |
| Clinical Features at Time of Echocardiogram | |
| Symptomatic | 59 (88) |
| Requiring oxygen therapy | 55 (82) |
| Requiring mechanical ventilation | 41 (61) |
| ARDS | 38 (57) |
| Shock requiring vasopressor therapy | 27 (40) |
| Requiring V-V ECMO | 10 (15) |
| Heart failure | 6 (9) |
| Cardiac ischemia | 2 (3) |
| Heart Rate (BPM) at Time of Echocardiogram | 89 [72–101] |
| Median MAP (mm Hg) at Time of Echocardiogram | 79 [73–88] (n = 59) |
| LV EF (%) | 62 [56–68] |
| LVIDd (cm) | 4.7 [4.2–4.9] |
| LVIDs (cm) | 3.0 [2.5–3.3] (n = 62) |
| LA Volume Index (mL/m2) | 22 [18–30] (n = 55) |
| Global Longitudinal Strain (%) | −13.5 [-15.0 to −10.8] |
| Abnormal Global Longitudinal Strain, n (%) | 61 (91) |
| Reduced LV EF among abnormal GLS, n (%) | 4 (7) |
| E/A ratio | 1.0 [0.8–1.4] (n = 53) |
| Lateral E’ (m/s) | 0.10 ± 0.04 (n = 54) |
| LV Diastolic Function Category, n (%) | |
| Normal | 23 (34) |
| Mild | 16 (24) |
| Pseudonormal | 2 (3) |
| Indeterminate | 16 (24) |
| Unavailable | 10 (15) |
| RVSP (mmHg) | 37 [30–46] (n = 46) |
| TAPSE (cm) | 1.8 [1.5–2.2] (n = 53) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [IQR] or n (%). ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, BPM = beats per minutes, EF = ejection fraction, ICU = intensive care unit, LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle, LVIDd = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVIDs = left-ventricular end-systolic dimension, MAP = mean arterial blood pressure, RVSP = right ventricular systolic pressure, TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, V-V ECMO = venovenous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation.