Table 2.
Percentage changes in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality associated with increase of 10 μg/m3 in nitrogen dioxide on lag 1 day. Results are shown as percentage (95% confidence interval)
| Country/region | Total mortality | Cardiovascular mortality | Respiratory mortality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No* | Mean change (%; 95% CI) | No* | Mean change (%; 95% CI) | No* | Mean change (%; 95% CI) | |||
| Australia | 3 | 0.64 (0.36 to 0.93) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| Brazil | 1 | 0.34 (0.22 to 0.47) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| Canada | 25 | 0.62 (0.47 to 0.76) | 24 | 0.45 (0.23 to 0.67) | 24 | 0.52 (0.10 to 0.94) | ||
| Chile | 3 | 0.53 (0.39 to 0.67) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| China | 15 | 0.57 (0.31 to 0.83) | 13 | 0.54 (0.34 to 0.73) | 13 | 0.76 (0.41 to 1.12) | ||
| Colombia | 1 | 0.31 (0.01 to 0.61) | 1 | 0.28 (−0.09 to 0.66) | 1 | −0.05 (−0.75 to 0.67) | ||
| Czech Republic | 1 | 0.46 (0.16 to 0.76) | 1 | 0.37 (0.01 to 0.73) | 1 | 0.42 (−0.34 to 1.18) | ||
| Estonia | 4 | 0.40 (0.06 to 0.74) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| Finland | 1 | 0.41 (0.08 to 0.75) | 1 | 0.39 (−0.01 to 0.79) | 1 | 0.50 (−0.27 to 1.28) | ||
| Germany | 12 | 0.62 (0.47 to 0.78) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| Greece | 1 | 0.62 (0.36 to 0.88) | 1 | 0.47 (0.15 to 0.80) | 1 | 0.84 (0.20 to 1.49) | ||
| Japan | 47 | 0.36 (0.19 to 0.54) | 47 | 0.18 (−0.10 to 0.45) | 47 | 0.70 (0.27 to 1.12) | ||
| Portugal | 5 | 0.52 (0.37 to 0.66) | 5 | 0.22 (−0.07 to 0.51) | 5 | 0.13 (−0.40 to 0.66) | ||
| Romania | 8 | 0.27 (0.07 to 0.48) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | ||
| South Korea | 7 | 0.41 (0.12 to 0.70) | 7 | 0.48 (0.25 to 0.71) | 7 | 0.48 (0.05 to 0.91) | ||
| Spain | 48 | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.88) | 47 | 0.53 (0.25 to 0.81) | 47 | 0.88 (0.40 to 1.35) | ||
| Sweden | 1 | 0.55 (0.27 to 0.83) | 1 | 0.21 (−0.16 to 0.59) | 1 | 0.41 (−0.34 to 1.15) | ||
| Switzerland | 8 | 0.24 (−0.07 to 0.55) | 8 | 0.52 (0.16 to 0.88) | 8 | 0.24 (−0.47 to 0.96) | ||
| Taiwan | 3 | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.76) | 3 | 0.37 (0.07 to 0.67) | 3 | 0.22 (−0.29 to 0.74) | ||
| Thailand | 18 | 0.32 (0.13 to 0.51) | 18 | 0.38 (0.03 to 0.74) | 18 | 0.69 (0.10 to 1.28) | ||
| United Kingdom | 39 | 0.17 (0.04 to 0.30) | 39 | 0.10 (−0.09 to 0.28) | 39 | 0.11 (−0.21 to 0.43) | ||
| United States | 147 | 0.57 (0.46 to 0.68) | 146 | 0.45 (0.30 to 0.61) | 146 | 0.62 (0.34 to 0.90) | ||
| Pooled | 398 | 0.46 (0.36 to 0.57) | 362 | 0.37 (0.22 to 0.51) | 362 | 0.47 (0.21 to 0.72) | ||
NA=not available.
*
Number of cities with available data within the country or region.