TABLE 1.

Summary of current knowledge about metazoan TENTs

Subfamily	Enzyme (synonyms)	Activity	RNA substrate	Effect on target RNAs	Reference
Vertebrates
TENT1	TENT1 (TUT1, U6 TUTase, Star‐PAP, PAPD2)	Oligouridylation	U6 snRNA	Maturation	Trippe et al. (2006)
		Polyadenylation (controversial)	Pre‐mRNA	Stabilization	Laishram and Anderson (2010), Mellman et al. (2008)
TENT2	TENT2 (GLD‐2, PAPD4, TUT‐2)	Polyadenylation	mRNA	Activation of translationally dormant mRNA	Barnard et al. (2004), Rouhana et al. (2005), Swanger et al. (2013), Udagawa et al. (2012), Yamagishi et al. (2016)
		Monoadenylation	miRNA	Stabilization	D'Ambrogio et al. (2012), Hojo et al. (2020), Katoh et al. (2009), Kim et al. (2016)
TENT3	TUT4 (TENT3A, PAPD3, ZCCHC11, KIAA0191) TUT7 (TENT3B, PAPD6, ZCCHC6, KIAA1711)	Oligouridylation	mRNA Histone mRNA LINE‐1 mRNA Pre‐miRNA miRNA Pre‐rRNA Pol III‐ncRNAs Viral RNA TSS RNA	Degradation	Chang et al. (2014, 2018), Faehnle et al. (2014), Gutiérrez‐Vázquez et al. (2017), Heo et al. (2009), Jones et al. (2012), Łabno et al. (2016), Lackey et al. (2016), Le Pen et al. (2018), Lim et al. (2014), Morgan et al. (2019, 2017), Mullen and Marzluff (2008), Pirouz et al. (2016, 2019), Piskounova et al. (2011), Thornton et al. (2014), Ustianenko et al. (2018, 2013, 2016), Warkocki, Krawczyk, et al. (2018)
		Monouridylation	Pre‐miRNA	Processing	Heo et al. (2012), Kim et al. (2015)
TENT4	TENT4A (PAPD7, POLS, TRF4‐1, TUT5, POLK)	Polyadenylation (tethering assay)	mRNA	Not defined	Ogami et al. (2013)
		Mixed A/G tailing (with TENT4B)	mRNA Viral RNA	Stabilization	Hyrina et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020), Lim et al. (2018), Mueller et al. (2019)
	TENT4B (PAPD5, TRF4‐2, GLD‐4, TUT3)	Polyadenylation	Pre‐rRNA rRNA Y RNA hTR	Degradation	Fasken et al. (2011), Lubas et al. (2011), Preker et al. (2011), Shcherbik et al. (2010), Sinturel et al. (2017), Sudo et al. (2016)
			mRNA	Stabilization	Burns et al. (2011), Shin et al. (2017)
		Oligoadenylation	snoRNA scaRNA miRNA	Maturation Degradation	Berndt et al. (2012), Son et al. (2018) Shukla et al. (2019)
		Monoadenylation	miRNA	Degradation	(Boele et al. (2014)
		Mixed A/G tailing (with TENT4A)	mRNA Viral RNA	Stabilization	Hyrina et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020), Lim et al. (2018), Mueller et al. (2019)
TENT5	TENT5A (FAM46A) TENT5B (FAM46B) TENT5C (FAM46C) TENT5D (FAM46D)	Polyadenylation	mRNA	Stabilization (shown for TENT5C and TENT5B)	Bilska et al. (2020), Herrero et al. (2020), Hu et al. (2020), Mroczek et al. (2012)
TENT6	MTPAP (TENT6, PAPD1, SPAX4)	Polyadenylation	Mt‐mRNA	Stop codon generation, stabilization	Anderson et al. (1981), Nagaike et al. (2005), Tomecki et al. (2004), Wilson et al. (2014)
		Oligoadenylation	Mt‐tRNA	Maturation	Fiedler et al. (2015), Pearce et al. (2017)
Caenorhabditis elegans
TENT1	USIP‐1	Oligouridylation	U6 snRNA	Stabilization Recycling	Rüegger et al. (2015)
TENT2	GLD‐2	Polyadenylation	Oocyte mRNA	Activation Stabilization	Kim et al. (2010), Nousch et al. (2014), Schmid et al. (2009), Suh et al. (2006)
TENT3	CDE‐1 (PUP‐1, CID‐1)	Uridylation	siRNA Viral RNA	Degradation	Le Pen et al. (2018), van Wolfswinkel et al. (2009)
	PUP‐2	Uridylation	Pre‐miRNA	Processing	Lehrbach et al. (2009)
	PUP‐3	Uridylation			Preston et al. (2019)
	MUT‐2 (RDE‐3)	Tandem UG repeats addition	siRNA Transposons	Trigger gene silencing	Preston et al. (2019), Shukla et al. (2020)
TENT4	GLD‐4	Polyadenylation	Oocyte mRNA	Not defined	Nousch et al. (2014)
TENT5	PQN‐44 (TENT5)	Putative ncPAP
Drosophila melanogaster
TENT2	Gld2	Polyadenylation	mRNA	Activation	Jae et al. (2008), Sartain et al. (2011)
	Wispy	Polyadenylation	mRNA	Activation Stabilization	Benoit et al. (2008), Coll et al. (2018), Cui et al. (2008, 2013), Dufourt et al. (2017), Eichhorn et al. (2016), Lim et al. (2016)
		Oligoadenylation	miRNA sisRNAs	Degradation Stabilization	Lee et al. (2014), Jia Ng et al. (2018)
TENT3	Tailor	Oligouridylation	Mirtrons 5S rRNA tRNA snRNA snoRNA RNase MRP	Degradation	Bortolamiol‐Becet et al. (2015), Reimão‐Pinto et al. (2015), Reimão‐Pinto et al. (2016)
TENT4	Trf4‐1	Polyadenylation	snRNA mRNA	Degradation	Harnisch et al. (2016), Nakamura et al. (2008)
	Trf4‐2	Inactive			Nakamura et al. (2008)
TENT5	CG46385	Putative ncPAP