TABLE 1.
Subfamily | Enzyme (synonyms) | Activity | RNA substrate | Effect on target RNAs | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vertebrates | |||||
TENT1 | TENT1 (TUT1, U6 TUTase, Star‐PAP, PAPD2) | Oligouridylation | U6 snRNA | Maturation | Trippe et al. (2006) |
Polyadenylation (controversial) | Pre‐mRNA | Stabilization | Laishram and Anderson (2010), Mellman et al. (2008) | ||
TENT2 | TENT2 (GLD‐2, PAPD4, TUT‐2) | Polyadenylation | mRNA | Activation of translationally dormant mRNA | Barnard et al. (2004), Rouhana et al. (2005), Swanger et al. (2013), Udagawa et al. (2012), Yamagishi et al. (2016) |
Monoadenylation | miRNA | Stabilization | D'Ambrogio et al. (2012), Hojo et al. (2020), Katoh et al. (2009), Kim et al. (2016) | ||
TENT3 |
TUT4 (TENT3A, PAPD3, ZCCHC11, KIAA0191) TUT7 (TENT3B, PAPD6, ZCCHC6, KIAA1711) |
Oligouridylation |
mRNA Histone mRNA LINE‐1 mRNA Pre‐miRNA miRNA Pre‐rRNA Pol III‐ncRNAs Viral RNA TSS RNA |
Degradation | Chang et al. (2014, 2018), Faehnle et al. (2014), Gutiérrez‐Vázquez et al. (2017), Heo et al. (2009), Jones et al. (2012), Łabno et al. (2016), Lackey et al. (2016), Le Pen et al. (2018), Lim et al. (2014), Morgan et al. (2019, 2017), Mullen and Marzluff (2008), Pirouz et al. (2016, 2019), Piskounova et al. (2011), Thornton et al. (2014), Ustianenko et al. (2018, 2013, 2016), Warkocki, Krawczyk, et al. (2018) |
Monouridylation | Pre‐miRNA | Processing | Heo et al. (2012), Kim et al. (2015) | ||
TENT4 | TENT4A (PAPD7, POLS, TRF4‐1, TUT5, POLK) | Polyadenylation (tethering assay) | mRNA | Not defined | Ogami et al. (2013) |
Mixed A/G tailing (with TENT4B) |
mRNA Viral RNA |
Stabilization | Hyrina et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020), Lim et al. (2018), Mueller et al. (2019) | ||
TENT4B (PAPD5, TRF4‐2, GLD‐4, TUT3) | Polyadenylation |
Pre‐rRNA rRNA Y RNA hTR |
Degradation | Fasken et al. (2011), Lubas et al. (2011), Preker et al. (2011), Shcherbik et al. (2010), Sinturel et al. (2017), Sudo et al. (2016) | |
mRNA | Stabilization | Burns et al. (2011), Shin et al. (2017) | |||
Oligoadenylation |
snoRNA scaRNA miRNA |
Maturation Degradation |
Berndt et al. (2012), Son et al. (2018) Shukla et al. (2019) |
||
Monoadenylation | miRNA | Degradation | (Boele et al. (2014) | ||
Mixed A/G tailing (with TENT4A) |
mRNA Viral RNA |
Stabilization | Hyrina et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020), Lim et al. (2018), Mueller et al. (2019) | ||
TENT5 |
TENT5A (FAM46A) TENT5B (FAM46B) TENT5C (FAM46C) TENT5D (FAM46D) |
Polyadenylation | mRNA | Stabilization (shown for TENT5C and TENT5B) | Bilska et al. (2020), Herrero et al. (2020), Hu et al. (2020), Mroczek et al. (2012) |
TENT6 | MTPAP (TENT6, PAPD1, SPAX4) | Polyadenylation | Mt‐mRNA | Stop codon generation, stabilization | Anderson et al. (1981), Nagaike et al. (2005), Tomecki et al. (2004), Wilson et al. (2014) |
Oligoadenylation | Mt‐tRNA | Maturation | Fiedler et al. (2015), Pearce et al. (2017) | ||
Caenorhabditis elegans | |||||
TENT1 | USIP‐1 | Oligouridylation | U6 snRNA |
Stabilization Recycling |
Rüegger et al. (2015) |
TENT2 | GLD‐2 | Polyadenylation | Oocyte mRNA |
Activation Stabilization |
Kim et al. (2010), Nousch et al. (2014), Schmid et al. (2009), Suh et al. (2006) |
TENT3 | CDE‐1 (PUP‐1, CID‐1) | Uridylation |
siRNA Viral RNA |
Degradation | Le Pen et al. (2018), van Wolfswinkel et al. (2009) |
PUP‐2 | Uridylation | Pre‐miRNA | Processing | Lehrbach et al. (2009) | |
PUP‐3 | Uridylation | Preston et al. (2019) | |||
MUT‐2 (RDE‐3) | Tandem UG repeats addition |
siRNA Transposons |
Trigger gene silencing | Preston et al. (2019), Shukla et al. (2020) | |
TENT4 | GLD‐4 | Polyadenylation | Oocyte mRNA | Not defined | Nousch et al. (2014) |
TENT5 | PQN‐44 (TENT5) | Putative ncPAP | |||
Drosophila melanogaster | |||||
TENT2 | Gld2 | Polyadenylation | mRNA | Activation | Jae et al. (2008), Sartain et al. (2011) |
Wispy | Polyadenylation | mRNA |
Activation Stabilization |
Benoit et al. (2008), Coll et al. (2018), Cui et al. (2008, 2013), Dufourt et al. (2017), Eichhorn et al. (2016), Lim et al. (2016) | |
Oligoadenylation |
miRNA sisRNAs |
Degradation Stabilization |
Lee et al. (2014), Jia Ng et al. (2018) | ||
TENT3 | Tailor | Oligouridylation |
Mirtrons 5S rRNA tRNA snRNA snoRNA RNase MRP |
Degradation | Bortolamiol‐Becet et al. (2015), Reimão‐Pinto et al. (2015), Reimão‐Pinto et al. (2016) |
TENT4 | Trf4‐1 | Polyadenylation |
snRNA mRNA |
Degradation | Harnisch et al. (2016), Nakamura et al. (2008) |
Trf4‐2 | Inactive | Nakamura et al. (2008) | |||
TENT5 | CG46385 | Putative ncPAP |