Table II.

Upstream regulation of UCA1 expression.

Type of factor	Regulation	Regulatory factor	Diseases	(Refs.)
Transcription factors	Promotion	C/EBPα	Bladder cancer	(32)
	Promotion	C/EBPβ	Bladder cancer	(34)
	Promotion	Ets-2	Bladder cancer	(35)
	Promotion	SP1	GC	(36)
	Promotion	MYB	HCC	(37)
	Promotion	EP300	Osteosarcoma	(38)
	Promotion	C/EBPα	HNSCC	(39)
Chromatin remodeling complexes	Inhibition	SATB1	BC	(29)
	Inhibition	ARID1A	BC	(30)
	Inhibition	CAPERα/TBX3 repressor complex	UMS	(43)
Epigenetic changes	Inhibition	SAM	HCC	(31)
Binding proteins	Promotion	HnRNPI	BC	(44)
	Inhibition	IMP1	BC	(45)
Others	Promotion	TGF-β	Tongue cancer	(46)
	Promotion	BMP9	BC	(33)
	Promotion	TAZ/YAP and TEAD complexes	BC	(47)
	Inhibition	Metformin	EH	(50)
	Inhibition	Metformin	PE	(51)
	Inhibition	lncRNA GAS8-AS1	Osteosarcoma	(52)
	Inhibition	UPF1	HCC	(53)
	Promotion	PA	GC	(54)
	Promotion	CAFs	CRC	(55)
	Promotion	HBx	HCC	(56)

UCA1, urothelial carcinoma associated 1; ARID1A, AT-rich interaction domain 1A; BC, breast cancer; BMP9, bone morphogenetic protein 9; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; CRC, colorectal cancer; EH, endometrial hyperplasia; EP300, E1A binding protein p300; ETS-2, E26 transformation-specific transcription factor 2; GC, gastric cancer; HBx, hepatitis B virus X protein; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cancer; IMP1, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1; PA, palmitic acid; PE, pre-eclampsia; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SATB1, special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1; SP1, specificity protein 1; TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif; TEAD, transcriptional enhancer TEA domain; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; UMS, ulnar-mammary syndrome; UPF1, up-frameshift protein 1; YAP, yes-associated protein.