Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke.
| Character | Total (n = 533) | COVID-19 (n = 134) | Pre-COVID-19 (n = 399) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 69.5 ± 12.6 | 69.8 ± 12.1 | 69.4 ± 12.7 | 0.935 |
| Sex, male | 326 (61.2) | 89 (66.4) | 237 (59.4) | 0.150 |
| Previous illness | ||||
| Hypertension | 300 (56.3) | 69 (51.5) | 231 (57.9) | 0.197 |
| Diabetes | 146 (27.4) | 41 (30.6) | 105 (26.3) | 0.337 |
| Dyslipidemia | 95 (17.8) | 26 (19.4) | 69 (17.3) | 0.581 |
| History of MI | 31 (5.8) | 9 (6.7) | 22 (5.5) | 0.607 |
| History of CVA | 111 (20.8) | 33 (24.6) | 78 (19.5) | 0.211 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 82 (15.4) | 20 (14.9) | 62 (15.5) | 0.865 |
| Anticoagulation | 77 (14.4) | 19 (14.2) | 58 (14.5) | 0.919 |
| Visit route | 0.022 | |||
| Direct | 406 (76.2) | 111 (82.8) | 295 (73.9) | |
| Transfer | 127 (23.8) | 23 (17.2) | 104 (26.1) | |
| Vehicle at the time of visit | <0.001 | |||
| Public EMS | 256 (48.0) | 86 (64.2) | 170 (42.6) | |
| Private EMS | 101 (18.9) | 20 (14.9) | 81 (20.3) | |
| General passenger car | 176 (33.0) | 28 (20.9) | 148 (37.1) | |
| Management | 0.045 | |||
| Conservative | 315 (59.1) | 72 (53.7) | 243 (60.9) | |
| IV thrombolysis | 91 (17.1) | 23 (17.2) | 68 (17) | |
| Thrombectomy | 77 (14.4) | 22 (16.4) | 55 (13.8) | |
| IV thrombolysis and thrombectomy | 50 (9.4) | 17 (12.7) | 33 (8.3) | |
| Hospital stay day | 13.4 ± 15.4 | 15.3 ± 17.1 | 12.8 ± 14.8 | 0.249 |
| ICU care | 301 (56.5) | 78 (58.2) | 223 (55.9) | 0.640 |
| ICU stay day | 4.7 ± 5.3 | 5.7 ± 5.3 | 4.4 ± 5.3 | 0.047 |
| In-hospital death | 22 (4.1) | 13 (9.7) | 9 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| Mental state | ||||
| NIHSS at visit | n = 439 | n = 124 | n = 315 | 0.013 |
| Score | 4 (2–10) | 6 (2–11) | 4 (1–9) | |
| Severity | 0.033 | |||
| Minor (1–4) | 188 (42.8) | 46 (37.1) | 142 (45.1) | |
| Moderate (5–15) | 180 (41.0) | 53 (42.7) | 127 (40.3) | |
| Moderate to severe (16–20) | 38 (8.7) | 10 (8.1) | 28 (8.9) | |
| Severe (21–42) | 33 (7.5) | 15 (12.1) | 18 (5.7) | |
| NIHSS at discharge | n = 313 | n = 96 | n = 217 | |
| Score | 2 (0–5) | 3 (1–9) | 2 (0–5) | 0.001 |
| Severity | <0.001 | |||
| Minor (1–4) | 177 (56.5) | 42 (43.8) | 135 (62.2) | |
| Moderate (5–15) | 94 (30.0) | 32 (33.3) | 62 (28.6) | |
| Moderate to severe (16–20) | 13 (4.2) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (3.2) | |
| Severe (21–42) | 29 (9.3) | 16 (16.7) | 13 (6.0) | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; MI, myocardial infarction; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; EMS, emergency medical services.