Figure 2.

Proposed model for the inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in the development of insulin resistance. While membrane MR activation will promote free fatty acid uptake, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin/S6 kinase (mTOR/S6K) and PKC signaling, nuclear MR activation will induce oxidative stress, increased NF-κB signaling, inflammation. These abnormalities lead to impaired insulin metabolic signaling, systemic and tissue insulin resistance. eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase.