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. 2021 Mar 24;12:204. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02244-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Effect of MSC-Exo on inflammation and macrophage polarization in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. a–g RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS for 12 h, followed by the treatment of MSC-Exo (10, 20, 40 μg/ml) for 24 h. a–d Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in culture supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells of different groups. e Western blotting image and quantification of iNOS and Arg1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells of different groups. β-actin was used as internal reference. f, g qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA level of M1 markers TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, CD86, and M2 markers IL-10, Arg1, and CD206 in RAW 264.6 cells of different groups. h, i RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS for 12 h, followed by the treatment of MSC-Exo (20 μg/ml) for 24 h. h Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and Arg1 in RAW 264.7 cells of different groups. i Representative images of flow cytometry analysis of iNOS and CD206 in RAW 264.7 cells of different groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) (^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. the control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the LPS group)