Table 1.
Previous studies about the efficacy of mosquito repellents, repellent-based controlled release devices and repellent-based products available on the market against mosquitoes
| Controlled-release devices | Polymeric material | Repellent | Preparation method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microporous polymer | ||||
| Microporous polymer | HDPE/EVA | DEET | TIPS method by Electrospining | [13] |
| Microporous polymer | LLDPE and EVA/clay nanocomposite | DEET and Icaridin | Thermally Induced Phase Separation method | [14] |
| Microporous polymer | LLDPE | Citronellal | Thermally Induced Phase Separation method | [117] |
| Microporous polymer | PLA | DEET | Thermally Induced Phase Separation method | [123] |
| Microporous polymer | Cellulose acetate or polyvinylpyrrolidone micro/nanofibrous matrices | Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) oil | Electrospining | [177] |
| Microporous polymer | Bio-degradable polymer (PLA/PBAT) | Pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil | Thermally Induced Phase Separation method | [178] |
| Nanoemulsions/microemulsion | ||||
| Nanoemulsion | Montanov®82 (a mixture of cetearyl alcohol and cocoyl glucoside) | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | High-pressure homogenization | [56] |
| Nanoemulsion | Montanov®82 (a mixture of cetearyl alcohol and cocoyl glucoside) | Citronella (C. nardus) oil, hairy basil (Ocimum americanum) oil and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) oil | High-pressure homogenization | [55] |
| Nanoemulsion | Tween 20 [polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate] | Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) oil | Ultrasonication | [50] |
| Nanoemulsion | Sorbitane trioleate and polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether with mean HLB number 1.8 and 15.0 | D-limonene | Ultrasonication | [179] |
| Nanoemulsion | Tween 80 (HLB = 15) and SPAN 80 (HLB = 4.3) | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Ultrasonication | [57] |
| Nanoemulsion | Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80) and sorbitan monooleate (Span® 80) | Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil | Ultrasonication | [180] |
| Nanoemulsion | EL-20, EL-40, EL-60, and EL-80 [polyoxyethylene (20, 40, 60, and 80) | D-limonene | Phase transition composition | [58] |
| Nanoemulsion | Poloxamer 407 | Eugenol and thymol | High-energy stirring | [61] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Gelatin and Gum arabic | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Complex coacervation | [31] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Copolymer poly(maleic anhydride-st-methyl vinyl ether − MAMVE) | Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) oil | Interfacial polycondensation | [181] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Gelatin and ethyl cellulose | Zanthoxylum limonella oil | Emulsion solvent evaporation | [182] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polysaccharide | DEET | Interfacial precipitation | [37] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) | DEET | Interfacial polymerization | [36] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Gelatin and Gum arabic | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Complex coacervation | [32] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyurethane | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Interfacial polymerization | [30] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gum arabic (GA) and whey protein isolate/maltodextrin (WPI/MD) | Neem seed (A. indica) oil | Spray drying | [28] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Acacia gum | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Spray drying | [183] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Gelatin | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Simple coacervation | [33] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyurethane | DEET | Interfacial polycondensation | [44] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyester | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Complex coacervation | [43] |
| Polymeric nano/microcapsules | Ethyl cellulose shell | Limonene | Simple coacervation | [34] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Cetyl alcohol core/PEG 3350 and carboxymethylcellulose wall | DEET and Essential (Alpinia galangal, Citrus grandis and Citrus aurantifolia) oil | Interfacial polymerization | [184] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyurea and Polyurethane | DEET | Interfacial polymerization | [185] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polyurea (PU) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) | DEET | Interfacial polymerization and Solvent evaporation | [186] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Polysaccharides | DEET | Interfacial precipitation | [38] |
| Polymeric microcapsules | Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Spray drying | [29] |
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | ||||
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | Compritol 888 ATO as lipid and Poloxamer 188 | Essential Oil | High-pressure homogenization | [71] |
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | Tween® 20 | DEET | Melt-dispersion | [70] |
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) | Garlic (Allium sativum) essential oil | Melt-dispersion | [72] |
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | Tween® 80 (polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) | Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oil | Ultrasonic-solvent emulsification | [68] |
| Solid Lipid Nanoparticles | Tween® 80 (polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) | Geranium (P. graveolens) essential oil | Ultrasonic-solvent emulsification | [66] |
| Cyclodextrins | ||||
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Citrus sinensis essential oil (CSEO) | Paste complexation and Co-precipitation | [83] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Citronella (C. nardus) oil, Citronellal and Citronellol | Kneading | [86] |
| Cyclodextrin | γ-cyclodextrin | DEET | Paste complexation | [187] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil | Mixing and heating, | [188] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Limonene |
Conventional impregnation and coating |
[80] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Geraniol and Linalool | Physical mixture, Slurry complexation and Paste complexation | [189] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Carvacrol and Linalool | Kneading | [190] |
| Cyclodextrin | β-cyclodextrin | Citronella (C. nardus) oil | Mixing and heating | [88] |
| Polymeric micelles | Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127)a | Essential oil components (EOCs) | High-energy stirring | [79] |
| Polymeric micelles | Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) | Diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) | Polymerization followed by Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) emulsification method | [78] |
| Polymeric micelles | Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) | DEET | High-speed Homogenizer | [77] |
| Polymeric micelles | Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) | IR3535 | High-speed Homogenizer | [191] |
*The repellents-based on controlled release formulations were prepared in the laboratory and evaluated against different species of mosquitoes. Therefore, the manufacture names were provided only for the repellents-products or wearable devices commercially available on the market.