Table 4.

Results of paired t-tests for escalation decisions

Condition	Escalation decision
	Mean	Std.	t	Sig.
High Resp.
Positive	0.98	0.03	6.212	0.000***
Negative	0.64	0.30
Low Resp.
Positive	0.74	0.32	− 1.211	0.236
Negative	0.81	0.27
Positive framing
High Resp.	0.98	0.03	3.972	0.000***
Low Resp.	0.74	0.32
Negative framing
High Resp.	0.64	0.30	− 1.966	0.059△
Low Resp.	0.81	0.27

^△p < 0.10

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01

***p < 0.001