Table 1.
Examples of miRNA-based therapies for respiratory infectious diseases.
| miRNA therapy | Virus | Targets | Effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antagomir-miR-200c-3p | H5N1 influenza | ACE2, NF-κB upregulation | Decrease lung edema in severe pneumonia in mice model | [62] |
| Antagomir-200c-5p | H5N1 influenza | DUSP1 | Attenuate pulmonary inflammatory responses and lung injury | [62] |
| miR-17 mimic | SARS-CoV | Viral S, N, E, M protein and ORF1a | Deactivate viral proteins based on microarray analysis (BASCGAP consortium) in bronchoalveolar stem cells (BASC) | [63] |
| miR-574–5p mimic | ||||
| miR-214 mimic | ||||
| miR-223 mimic | SARS-CoV | N and S protein | Viral entry based on microarray analysis (BASCGAP consortium) in BASC | [63] |
| miR-98 mimic | ||||
| miR-155 mimic | VSV | STAT1, STAT2 | Phosphorylate STAT1/2 to activate ISGs transcription in murine-VSV infected ex vivo model | [64] |
| Inhibitor hsa-let-7e-5p | Human-Adv | NF-κB, SOC, STAT, and IFN | Viral replication in human primary lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) cells infected with HAdV5 | [65,66] |
Abbreviation: Antagomir: antagonist miRNA; ACE-2: angiotensin converting enzyme-2; DUSP1: dual-specificity phosphatase 1; BASC: bronchoalveolar stem cells; BASCGAP: bronchoalveolar stem cells genome anatomy projects; STAT1/STAT2: signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 2; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus; ISG: interferon stimulated gene; Human-Adv: human adenovirus; SOC: suppressor of cytokine; IFN: interferon; HAdV5: human adenovirus-5.