Table 1.
Efficacy of influenza vaccinations in the elderly.
| Study (vaccine) | Population (number of participants) | Flu season(s) | Outcome/Comparison | Result | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seasonal flu vaccine | >65 years (3402) 18–50 years: (1131) |
2011–2016 | Vaccine effectiveness >65 years versus 18–49 years |
H3N2: 14% versus 21% H1N1: 49% versus 48% Influenza B: 62% 55% |
Russell et al.114 |
| 2 | Seasonal flu vaccine | >65 years: (4643) 18–58 years: 1151 |
1986–2002 | Vaccine effectiveness >65 years versus 18–58 years |
H3N2: 74% versus 84% H1N1 69% versus 83% Influenza B: 78% versus 67% |
Goodwin et al.115 |
| 3 | QIV versus TIV | >61 years: (989) 18–60 years: (991) |
2015–2016 | Seroconversion rates >61 versus 18–60 years |
⩾73.3% versus ⩾91.6%a | van de Witte et al.113 |
| 4 | TIV-HD versus TIV | >65 years TIV-HD: (6117) >65 years TIV: (3055) |
2009–2010 | Relative efficacy >65 years TIV-HD versus >65 years TIV |
12.6% | DiazGranados et al.116 |
| 5 | TIV-HD versus
TIV |
>65 years TIV-HD: (15,991) >65 years TIV: (15,998) |
2011–2012 | Relative efficacy >65 years TIV-HD versus >65 years TIV |
24.2% | DiazGranados et al.117 |
| 6 | ATIV versus TIV | >65 years ATIV: (165) >65 years TIV: (62) |
2011–2012 | Vaccine effectiveness >65 years ATIV versus >65 TIV |
58% (p < 0.04) versus –7% (0.97) | Van Buynder et al.118 |
a
Authors reported a non-inferior immunogenicity of QIV versus TIV to the matched influenza strains.
ATIV, adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine; HD, high dose; TIV, trivalent inactivated vaccine; QIV, quadrivalent inactivated vaccine.