Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in 1989 (unless stated otherwise) of the study population for all 19,348 participants and according to their all-site cancer status over the period 1999–2015.
| Individuals with a diagnosed cancer (all-site): | -Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| Number | 15,637 | 3,711 | |
| Follow-up time (y) | 27.0 [27.0, 27.0] | 20.3 [17.1, 23.7] | |
| Age (y) | 43.5 [41.0, 46.5] | 44.5 [42.0, 47.0] | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 11,147 (71.3) | 2,956 (79.7) | |
| Female | 4,490 (28.7) | 755 (20.3) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoker | 6,859 (44.2) | 1,425 (38.8) | |
| Former smoker | 4,442 (28.6) | 1,075 (29.2) | |
| Current smoker | 4,210 (27.1) | 1,177 (32.0) | |
| Unknown | 126 | 34 | |
| Cumulative pack-yearsa | 15.0 [7.5, 25.7] | 17.7 [8.5, 29.6] | |
| Unknown | 361 | 92 | |
| Passive smoking | 0.93 | ||
| Yes | 10,623 (78.1) | 2,507 (78.0) | |
| No | 2,980 (21.9) | 707 (22.0) | |
| Unknown | 2,034 | 497 | |
| Education | 0.136 | ||
| 11,238 (73.5) | 2,720 (74.8) | ||
| 12–13 y | 1,144 (7.5) | 227 (6.2) | |
| 14–15 y | 887 (5.8) | 207 (5.7) | |
| Other secondary education | 1,668 (10.9) | 398 (10.9) | |
| Other diploma | 357 (2.3) | 83 (2.3) | |
| Unknown | 343 | 76 | |
| Occupational exposureb | |||
| None | 9,443 (60.4) | 2,100 (56.6) | |
| One | 1,319 (8.4) | 328 (8.8) | |
| Two | 1,697 (10.9) | 448 (12.1) | |
| Three or more | 3,178 (20.3) | 835 (22.5) | |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Abstinent | 391 (2.5) | 104 (2.8) | |
| Light drinker | 11,170 (71.4) | 2,421 (65.3) | |
| Moderate drinker | 2,386 (15.3) | 654 (17.6) | |
| Heavy drinker | 1,370 (8.8) | 448 (12.1) | |
| Unclear pattern | 317 (2.0) | 83 (2.2) | |
| Unknown | 3 | 1 | |
| Family status (not single) | 0.09 | ||
| Not single | 13,722 (89.0) | 3,288 (90.0) | |
| Single | 1,696 (11.0) | 366 (10.0) | |
| Unknown | 219 | 57 | |
| Socioeconomic status | 0.011 | ||
| Low (blue-collar workers or clerks) | 2,762 (17.7) | 621 (16.7) | |
| Intermediate (first-line supervisors) | 9,179 (58.8) | 2,130 (57.4) | |
| High (management) | 3,677 (23.5) | 958 (25.8) | |
| Unknown | 19 | 2 | |
| Body mass indexc | 24.3 [22.3, 26.3] | 24.7 [22.8, 26.7] | |
| Unknown | 2,253 | 533 | |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | 0.123 | ||
| Never or less than once a week | 81 (0.7) | 27 (1.0) | |
| Once or twice a week | 794 (7.0) | 211 (7.7) | |
| More than twice a week, not every day | 2,562 (22.6) | 641 (23.5) | |
| Every day or almost | 7,912 (69.7) | 1,851 (67.8) | |
| Unknown | 4,288 | 981 | |
| Distance to the nearest major road (km)d | 0.8 [0.3, 1.6] | 0.8 [0.3, 1.6] | 0.407 |
| Deprivation indexe | 0.983 | ||
| High | 4,994 (33.3) | 1,211 (33.5) | |
| Intermediate | 4,986 (33.3) | 1,199 (33.1) | |
| Low | 5,007 (33.4) | 1,209 (33.4) | |
| Unknown | 650 | 92 | |
| Urban classificationf | 0.720 | ||
| Solely urban | 3,911 (25.0) | 926 (25.0) | |
| Solely semiurban | 3,713 (23.7) | 878 (23.7) | |
| Solely rural | 2,921 (18.7) | 722 (19.5) | |
| Mixed | 5,092 (32.6) | 1,185 (31.9) | |
Note: Number (percentage) or median (25th and 75th percentiles). All-site cancer cases were defined as the whole ICD-10 chapter except C77–79 (secondary malignant neoplasms) and C44 (nonmelanoma skin cancers). Participants were excluded from the analysis if they were diagnosed with cancer before 1999.
Calculated only for current and former smokers.
To nine lung carcinogens over the whole employment period.
In 1990.
Updated annually. Median distance over the follow-up.
Calculated only for the residence in 2009 and for participants who were still alive then. Participants with “unknown” status were those who died before 2009.
Urban classification obtained only in 1989, 2000, and 2010.