Figure 3.

We present estimates of the effectiveness of any 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) receipt for risk periods defined by recent antibiotic exposure: no antibiotics received in the preceding 30 days (top), antibiotics received within the preceding 1–30 days (middle), and antibiotics received >60 days previously (and not within the ensuing 60 days; bottom). We obtain estimates using doubly robust Cox proportional hazards models applying inverse weights for the propensity of PCV13 receipt, correcting for the association of coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis with prior zoster vaccination as a negative control exposure. Lines (and numbers in parentheses) signify 95% confidence intervals around maximum likelihood estimates (points). Abbreviations: aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.