Table 1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients with normal nutrition and risk of malnutrition1
| All participants (n = 760) | Normal (n = 132) | Risk of malnutrition2 (n = 628) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRS score | 3.48 (2.22, 5.74) | 2 (2, 2) | 3 (3, 5) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 60 (46, 74) | 49 (38,70) | 64 (56, 71) | <0.001 |
| <65, n (%) | 443 (58.3) | 120 (90.9) | 323 (51.4) | <0.001 |
| ≥65, n (%) | 317 (41.7) | 12 (9.1) | 305 | (48.6) |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 380 (50.0) | 71 (53.8) | 309 (49.2) | 0.338 |
| Female | 380 (50.0) | 61 (46.2) | 319 (50.8) | |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 691 (90.9) | 101 (76.5) | 590 (93.9) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 539 (70.9) | 97 (73.5) | 442 (70.4) | 0.476 |
| Fatigue | 305 (40.1) | 49 (37.1) | 256 (40.8) | 0.438 |
| Dyspnea | 256 (33.7) | 48 (36.4) | 208 (33.1) | 0.474 |
| Muscle soreness | 243 (32.0) | 42 (31.8) | 201 (32.0) | 0.526 |
| Headache | 235 (31.0) | 37 (28.0) | 198 (31.5) | 0.429 |
| Diarrhea | 60 (7.89) | 11 (8.33) | 49 (7.80) | 0.837 |
| With comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 233 (30.7) | 47 (35.6) | 186 (29.6) | 0.175 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 145 (19.1) | 28 (21.2) | 117 (18.6) | 0.493 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 134 (17.6) | 23 (17.4) | 111 (17.7) | 0.945 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 118 (15.5) | 20 (15.2) | 98 (15.6) | 0.896 |
| Chronic lung disease | 49 (6.45) | 10 (7.58) | 39 (6.21) | 0.561 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 (20.6, 27.3) | 24.3 (22.1, 26.1) | 23.5 (21.7, 25.7) | 0.029 |
| <18.5, n (%) | 26 (3.42) | 2 (1.52) | 24 (3.82) | 0.057 |
| 18.5–24, n (%) | 396 (52.1) | 58 (43.9) | 338 (53.8) | |
| 24–28, n (%) | 267 (35.1) | 58 (43.9) | 209 (33.2) | |
| ≥28, n (%) | 71 (9.34) | 14 (10.6) | 57 (9.08) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 33.9 (27.8, 40.1) | 37.3 (35.1, 40.7) | 33.3 (29.1, 37) | <0.001 |
| <35, n (%) | 420 (55.3) | 30 (22.7) | 390 (62.1) | <0.001 |
| ≥35, n (%) | 340 (44.7) | 102 (77.3) | 238 (37.9) | |
| Prealbumin, mg/L | 223 (130, 316) | 270 (236, 328) | 215 (314, 281) | <0.001 |
| <150, n (%) | 194 (25.5) | 6 (4.55) | 188 (29.9) | <0.001 |
| ≥150, n (%) | 566 (74.5) | 126 (95.5) | 440 (70.1) | |
| Disease types, n (%) | ||||
| Moderate cases | 76 (10.0) | 42 (31.8) | 34 (5.41) | <0.001 |
| Severe cases | 568 (74.7) | 84 (63.6) | 484 (77.1) | |
| Critical cases | 116 (15.3) | 6 (4.55) | 110 (17.5) | |
| ADL score | 83.2 (60.2, 100) | 100 (95, 100) | 90 (70, 100) | <0.001 |
| 100, n (%) | 343 (45.1) | 98 (74.2) | 245 (39.0) | <0.001 |
| 61–99, n (%) | 286 (37.6) | 29 (22.0) | 257 (40.9) | |
| 41–60, n (%) | 79 (10.4) | 4 (3.03) | 75 (11.9) | |
| ≤40, n (%) | 52 (6.84) | 1 (0.76) | 51 (8.12) | |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | ||||
| Survived | 694 (91.3) | 132 (100) | 562 (89.5) | <0.001 |
| Died | 66 (8.68) | 0 (0.00) | 66 (10.5) | |
1
Values are medians (IQRs) unless otherwise indicated. ADL, activities of daily living; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NRS, Nutrition Risk Screening.
2
Risk of malnutrition was defined as NRS score ≥3.