Table 7.
Variables related to adverse childhood experience by outcome variable 1
| Childhood adversities | Row (%) | Statistical test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Only abusers | Abusers who are alcohol dependent | Abusers with other psychiatric comorbidities | Abusers with psychiatric comorbidities | ||
| Substance abuse in family | |||||
| No | 2 (26) | 5 (71) | 0 | 0 | Fisher’s exact, P=0.20 |
| Yes | 5 (12) | 20 (46) | 7 (16) | 11 (26) | |
| Other mental illness in family | |||||
| No | 7 (14) | 23 (48) | 7 (14) | 11 (23) | Could not commute |
| Yes | 0 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | |
| Incarceration of family members | |||||
| No | 7 (14) | 24 (49) | 7 (14) | 11 (24) | Could not commute |
| Yes | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 | |
| Separation of parents | |||||
| No | 6 (16) | 23 (60) | 3 (8) | 6 (16) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.08 |
| Yes | 1 (8) | 2 (17) | 4 (33) | 5 (42) | |
| Could not express emotionally | |||||
| No | 7 (17) | 19 (48) | 6 (15) | 8 (20) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.63 |
| Yes | 0 | 6 (60) | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | |
| Witnessing verbal/psychological abuse | |||||
| No | 2 (22) | 4 (44) | 1 (11) | 2 (22) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.94 |
| Yes | 5 (12) | 21 (51) | 6 (15) | 9 (22) | |
| Witnessing total physical abuse | |||||
| No | 3 (16) | 10 (56) | 3 (17) | 2 (11) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.58 |
| Yes | 4 (12) | 15 (47) | 4 (12) | 9 (28) | |
| Verbal/psychological punishment | |||||
| No | 3 (16) | 16 (80) | 0 | 1 (5) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.001 |
| Yes | 4 (13) | 9 (30) | 7 (23) | 10 (33) | |
| Physical punishment | |||||
| No | 4 (14) | 19 (65) | 1 (3) | 5 (17) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.02 |
| Yes | 3 (13) | 6 (29) | 6 (29) | 6 (29) | |
| Sexual abuse | |||||
| No | 7 (15) | 25 (52) | 7 (15) | 9 (19) | Could not commute |
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) | |
| Bullying | |||||
| No | 7 (17) | 23 (55) | 3 (7) | 9 (21) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.01 |
| Yes | 0 | 2 (28) | 3 (43) | 2 (28) | |
| Community violence | |||||
| No | 7 (20) | 15 (41) | 7 (19) | 7 (19) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.05 |
| Yes | 0 | 10 (72) | 0 | 4 (28) | |
| Collective violence | |||||
| No | 7 (15) | 24 (51) | 7 (15) | 9 (19) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.3 |
| Yes | 0 | 1 (33) | 0 | 2 (66) | |
| Long hours alone | |||||
| No | 7 (17) | 20 (49) | 7 (17) | 7 (17) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.16 |
| Yes | 0 | 5 (55) | 0 | 4 (45) | |
| Care taker of siblings | |||||
| No | 7 (16) | 25 (58) | 3 (7) | 8 (19) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.001 |
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 4 (57) | 3 (43) | |
| Household work | |||||
| No | 7 (21) | 2 (63) | 1 (30) | 4 (12) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.001 |
| Yes | 0 | 4 (23) | 6 (35) | 7 (42) | |
| Lack of play | |||||
| No | 7 (15) | 24 (50) | 7 (15) | 10 (20) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.99 |
| Yes | 0 | 1 (50) | 0 | 1 (50) | |
| Child labour | |||||
| No | 3 (13) | 13 (57) | 1 (4) | 6 (26) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.33 |
| Yes | 4 (15) | 12 (45) | 6 (22) | 5 (18) | |
| Basic needs not met | |||||
| No | 7 (17) | 19 (46) | 7 (17) | 8 (20) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.30 |
| Yes | 0 | 6 (66) | 0 | 3 (33) | |
| ACE score | |||||
| 0-2 | 3 (23) | 9 (68) | 0 | 1 (8) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.01 |
| 3-6 | 4 (14) | 15 (52) | 5 (17) | 5 (17) | |
| 5-8 | 0 | 1 (13) | 2 (25) | 5 (62) | |
| Additional adverse child- hood experience score | |||||
| 0-1 | 7 (28) | 17 (66) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.001 |
| 2-3 | 0 | 8 (33) | 6 (25) | 10 (42) | |
ACE – Adverse childhood experience