Table 8.
Variables related to adverse childhood experience by outcome variable 2
| Variables related to adverse childhood experience | Row (%) | Statistical test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | Complicated | ||
| Substance abuse in family | |||
| No | 5 (71) | 2 (29) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.9 |
| Yes | 32 (74) | 11 (26) | |
| Other mental illness in family | |||
| No | 36 (75) | 12 (25) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.45 |
| Yes | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Incarceration of family members | |||
| No | 36 (73) | 13 (27) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.43 |
| Yes | 1 (100) | 0 | |
| Separation of parents | |||
| No | 32 (84) | 6 (16) | Chi-square, P=0.007 |
| Yes | 5 (42) | 7 (59) | |
| Could not express emotionally | |||
| No | 30 (75) | 10 (25) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.70 |
| Yes | 7 (70) | 3 (30) | |
| Witnessing verbal/psychological abuse | |||
| No | 6 (67) | 3 (33) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.001 |
| Rarely | 7 (100) | 0 | |
| Sometimes | 14 (100) | 0 | |
| Often | 5 (84) | 1 (14) | |
| Regularly | 5 (36) | 9 (64) | |
| Witnessing physical abuse | |||
| No | 14 (78) | 4 (22) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.01 |
| Simple | 20 (87) | 3 (13) | |
| Complicated | 3 (33) | 6 (66) | |
| Verbal psychological punishment | |||
| NO | 16 (80) | 4 (20) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.86 |
| Rarely | 7 (78) | 2 (22) | |
| Sometimes | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | |
| Often | 8 (66) | 4 (33) | |
| Regularly | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | |
| Physical punishment | |||
| No | 22 (76) | 7 (24) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.015 |
| Simple | 14 (88) | 2 (12) | |
| Complicated | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | |
| Sexual abuse | |||
| No | 36 (75) | 12 (25) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.45 |
| Yes | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Bullying | |||
| No | 29 (69) | 13 (31) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.09 |
| Yes | 8 (100) | 0 | |
| Community violence | |||
| No | 28 (78) | 8 (22) | Chi-square, P=0.474 |
| Yes | 9 (64) | 5 (36) | |
| Collective violence | |||
| No | 36 (76) | 11 (24) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.16 |
| Yes | 1 (33) | 2 (66) | |
| Long hour alone | |||
| No | 32 (78) | 9 (22) | Chi-square, P=0.21 |
| Yes | 5 (56) | 4 (44) | |
| Care taker of sibling | |||
| No | 32 (74) | 11 (26) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.99 |
| Yes | 5 (72) | 2 (28) | |
| House hold work | |||
| No | 27 (81) | 6 (19) | Chi-square, P=0.09 |
| Yes | 10 (59) | 7 (41) | |
| Lack of any play | |||
| No | 36 (75) | 12 (25) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.99 |
| Yes | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Child labor | |||
| No | 14 (60) | 9 (40) | Chi-square, P=0.062 |
| Yes | 23 (85) | 4 (15) | |
| Basic needs not fulfilled | |||
| No | 34 (83) | 7 (18) | Chi-square, P=0.006 |
| Yes | 3 (33) | 6 (66) | |
| ACE score | |||
| 0-2 | 11 (84) | 2 (16) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.24 |
| 3-5 | 22 (76) | 7 (24) | |
| 6-8 | 4 (50) | 4 (50) | |
| Additional ACE score | |||
| 0-1 | 22 (85) | 4 (15) | Fisher’s exact, P=0.109 |
| 2-3 | 15 (63) | 9 (38) | |
ACE – Adverse childhood experience