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. 2021 Mar 10;12:642094. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642094

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Copyright © 2021 Rodriguez-Morelos, Calonne-Salmon, Bremhorst, Garcés-Ruiz and Declerck.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hyphal healing mechanism (HHM) of AM fungi in the control treatment (A) Gigaspora sp. MUCL 52331, the plugs were formed at both extremities in front of the hyphal injury (braces), two growing hyphal tips (GHTs) emerged at both extremities behind the septum (short arrows) and fused (large arrow) with re-establishment of cytoplasmic/protoplasmic flow (scale bar 50 μm). (B) Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833, the plugs were formed at both extremities in front of the hyphal injury (braces), two GHTs from each injury site emerged through the septum (large arrows) and one GHT of each side contacted and fused (arrowhead) with re-establishment of cytoplasmic/protoplasmic flow. Several hyphal branches (short arrows) developed from the GHTs (scale bar 10 μm).