Table 1.
Characteristics of the Included Samples (n = 339 285): Participants Attending Baseline Assessment Centers in England and Alive Before the Pandemic (set as March 16, 2020)
| Included Samples | Frequency (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Sex (=female) | 186 125 (54.6%) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 319 786 (94.3%) |
| Black | 5905 (1.70%) |
| Others (incl. Asian, Chinese, and Mixed) | 13 594 (4.0%) |
| Age at baseline (years) | 56.3 ± 8.1 |
| Attained age on March 16, 2020 (years) | 67.9 ± 8.1 |
| COVID-19 severity groups | |
| Inpatient positives between March 16 and April 27, 2020 | 613 (0.18%) |
| COVID-19-related deaths to October 2020 | 154 (0.05%) |
| Other-cause deaths to October 2020 | 23 (0.01%) |
| Survivors to October 2020 | 436 (0.13%) |
| Tested negative | 32 098 (9.46%) |
| Untested | 306 574 (90.36%) |
| PhenoAge biomarkers | |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.28 ± 2.54 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 82.73 ± 22.37 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 71.95 ± 14.13 |
| log C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/dL) | 0.30 ± 1.04 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.09 ± 0.93 |
| Lymphocyte percentage (%) | 29.03 ± 7.14 |
| Mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 91.04 ± 4.22 |
| Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (%) | 13.46 ± 0.85 |
| White blood cell count (1000 cells/μL) | 6.83 ± 1.69 |