Table 2:

Case definitions for clinical adjudication

Disease	Required features
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease38,39	Must have one or more of the following: Nasal congestion Rhinorrhea Sore throat
Croup40,41	Must have seal-like barking cough based on adjudicator review of cough recording
Lower Respiratory Tract Disease41–43	Must have one or more of the following: Wheezing on auscultation or silent chest (no wheezing because of severe airway obstruction in status asthmaticus) at the time of recording Any chest findings on auscultation, including crackles, bronchial breath sounds (tubular, hollow sounds associated with surrounding consolidation), or focally/asymmetrically decreased breath sounds Increased work of breathing (e.g., using accessory muscles) unless this is purely associated with stridor or upper airway limitation Chest pain or tightness not associated with musculoskeletal, chest wall, or cardiac disease Productive cough > 5 days that is not explained by upper airway disease Hypoxemia in the absence of cyanotic heart disease while awake (<90%)
Asth ma/Reactive Airways Disease44,45	Must be wheezing on auscultation or silent chest (no wheezing because of severe airway obstruction in status asthmaticus) at the time of recording Must be responsive to bronchodilators either During this illness, or During prior illnesses If subject has wheeze but no bronchodilator test is available (during this illness or during prior illness) then must diagnose as UNSURE
Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection43,46	Must have both of the following present: Persistent cough Diffuse crackles and/or wheeze that does not resolve with bronchodilator If less than 2 years old, and if subject has wheeze but no bronchodilator test is available (during this illness or during prior illnesses) then may diagnose Viral LRTI as YES If 2 years old or older, and if subject has wheeze but no bronchodilator test is available (during this illness or during prior illness) then must diagnose Viral LRTI as UNSURE
Bronchiolitis46	Must be less than 2 years old Must have both of the following present: Persistent cough Diffuse crackles and/or wheeze that does not resolve with bronchodilator If subject has wheeze but no bronchodilator test is available (during this illness or during prior illnesses) then may still diagnose Bronchiolitis as YES
Pneumonia23,24,41	Clinical pneumonia: must have at least one finding in both of the following categories: Reported history of fever in prior 48 hours, or fever present at the time of exam; cough, dyspnea, or chest pain Focal chest findings, including crackles, bronchial breath sounds, or focally decreased breath sounds; OR chest radiograph with new consolidation Among subjects for whom a chest radiograph is being obtained by the clinical provider: WHO Primary Endpoint Pneumonia plus Clinical Pneumonia (Radiographic Pneumonia #1) WHO Primary Endpoint Pneumonia or Other Infiltrate plus Clinical Pneumonia (Radiographic Pneumonia #2)