Microfluidic exosome isolation based on hydrodynamic properties. (A) Exosome isolation by microchip is composed of arrays of the DLD pillar. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright 2016, Nature Publishing Group. (B) Separation of exosomes using microfluidic platforms combined with nanoscale DLD arrays. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [74]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. (C) Exosome separation based on viscoelasticity on a chip. Poly(oxyethylene) as a sheath fluid is introduced from inlet II, while the sample is introduced from inlet I. Exosomes are collected at the side outlet, while larger vesicles are flowed to the middle outlet. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.