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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Today. 2021 Jan 13;37:101066. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101066

Table 3.

Microfluidic devices for exosome detection and analysis.

Microfluidic Detection Sample Throughput (μL/min) Limit of Detection Measurement Disease Ref
Colorimetric based exosome detection
Sequential Exodisc:
-Double filtration isolation
-Colorimetric ELISA		 Urine 16.7 N/A Overall levels of CD81 and CD9 Bladder cancer [60]
Sequential stages:
-Double filtration isolation
-Colorimetric on-chip ELISA		 Urine 17.2 N/A Overall levels of CD63 Bladder cancer [62]
Electrohydro-dynamic flow assisted immuno-capture stages:
-Electric field driven analyte transport
-Colorimetric ELISA		 Cell culture media 7 2760 exosomes/μL Overall levels of CD9 and HER2 Breast cancer [122
Magnetic bead-based exosome detection
Sequential immunomagnetic stages:
-immunomagnetic isolation
-ELISA of intra-vesicular protein		 Plasma 0.3 0.281 pg/mL Phosphoryl ation levels of IGF-1R Non-small-cell lung cancer [51]
μNMR device
-Immunomagnetic tagging
-miniaturized micronuclear magnetic resonance system detection		 Blood N/A >104 exosomes/μL Overall levels of CD63 Glioblastoma tumor [129]
ExoPCD-chip
-Immunomagnetic enrichment
- In situ electrochemical analysis		 Serum ~0.14 4.39 × 106 exosomes/μL Overall levels of CD63 Liver cancer [130]
Droplet digital ExoELISA
-Immunomagnetic tagging
-Fluorogenic ELISA		 Plasma N/A ~5 exosomes/μL Protein levels of Glypican-1 Breast cancer [22]
iMER device
- Immunomagnetic isolation
- Exosome RNA analysis		 Blood ~0.83 ~1011 exosomes/μL miRNA levels of EPHA2, EGFR, PDPN Glioblastoma tumor [131]
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based exosome detection
SPRi device
- antibody microarray isolation - surface plasmon resonance imaging and detection		 Ascites 300 ∼4.87 × 107 exosomes/cm2 Protein levels of CD9, CD81, CD82, and E-cadherin Ovarian cancer [144]
nPLEX biosensor
- exosomes bind to antibody functionalized nanoholes
- Detect the spectral shifts and intensity changes induced by exosomes binding		 Ascites 10 ~3,000 exosomes Protein levels of CD 63, mRNA levels of GADPH Ovarian cancer [145]
Electrochemical property-based exosome detection
iMEX platform
- Immunomagnetic enrichment
- profile through the electrochemical reaction		 Plasma ~0.16 <105 exosomes Protein levels of CD63, EpCAM, CD24, and CA125 Ovarian cancer [158]
Aptasensor for Electrochemical detection Cell culture media ~10–400 ~1012 exosomes/μL Protein levels of CD63 Liver cancer [159]
Signal amplified electrochemical aptasensor Plasma N/A 9.54 × 105 exosomes/μL Protein levels of MUC1 Gastric cancer [169]
Aptamer recognition-induced multi-DNA release and cyclic enzymatic amplification-based electrochemical detection ultra centrifuged fetal bovine serum N/A 70 exosomes/μL Amount of multimessenger DNAs (mDNAs) Prostate cancer [170]