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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Signal. 2021;2(1):63–79.

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell by endocytosis after first interacting with ACE2 and priming by TMPRSS2. During the entry process, the virus escapes from endolysosomes and delivers genomic material at replication sites. The virus replicates in double membrane autophagosome-like vesicles (DMVs) in the cytosol and induces mTOR sensor for exploiting cellular signaling pathways. Natural compounds (phytochemicals; PCs) might suppress SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pathogenesis by augmenting endolysosomes and autophagy degradation pathways through actions on the mTOR sensor, suppressing cytokine storms, and decreasing DMVs formation and viral replication. (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), double membrane-like vesicles (DMVs), cytokine storm (CS), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).