Fig 5. Illustration of a chaîne opératoire for crop processing using the example of hulled wheats.

The sequence starts on top with the cereal plant, proceeding counter-clockwise towards “ready-to-cook” grains. Ramifications (optional steps) in dashed lines. Illustration basing on the original design by Stevens [54], additional steps such as harvesting, kiln-drying, storing, and parching/soaking prior to dehusking were added [65, 72, 73]. Image from Heiss [48].