Table 2.
Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on histone acetylation mechanism.
| Study | Species | Exp. | Region | Genes | Mark(s) | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Pandey et al., 2008a) | Sprague Dawley rats | Liquid alcohol diet | CeA, MeA | CBP, NPY | H3K9ac, H4K8ac | - Increased HDAC activity - Decreased H3K9ac, H4K8ac, and NPY |
| - Increased anxiety-like behavior | ||||||
| - TSA administration prevents changes | ||||||
| (Bohnsack et al., 2018) | Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats | i.g. (5g/kg), I2BC (20%) | Cortex, PFC | GABA (A)-R subunits, all HDACs | H3ac, H3K9ac, H3K14ac | - Decreased H3ac, H3K9ac, and H3K14ac in the cortex, increased HDAC2 and HDAC3 |
| - Decreased GABA(A)R α1 and decay tau | ||||||
| - TSA prevents molecular and behavioral effects | ||||||
| (Arora et al., 2013) | C57Bl/6 | i.p 3.5g/kg | VTA | GABA (A)-R, HDAC2 | H3K9ac | - Decreased H3K9ac and GABA(A)-R α1 and increased HDAC2 |
| - Decreased GABA(A) signaling, restored by TSA | ||||||
| (Moonat et al., 2013; Sakharkar et al., 2014) | P rats | Vs. NP | CeA, MeA | HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 Arc, Bdnf-IV NPY |
H3K9ac | - Treatment with TSA decreases drinking - HDAC2 knockdown in CeA prevents anxiety-like and alcohol drinking behaviors |
| -HDAC2 knockdown increases H3K9/14ac associated with Arc and BDNF-IV promoter | ||||||
| (Warnault et al., 2013) | C57/BL6 and Long Evans | I2BC, Operant | NAc | Dnmt1 | H4ac | - Decreased H4ac and increased Dnmt1 in NAc |
| (Barbier et al., 2017) | C57BL/6 | Vapor | dmPFC | p300, Myst | - Decreased P300 and Myst |
Abbreviations: P rats = selectively bred alcohol preferring rats, NP = non-alcohol preferring rats, Exp. = exposure, i.p. = intraperitoneal, i.g. = intragastric, I2BC = intermittent two bottle choice, CeA = central nucleus of the amygdala, MeA = medial nucleus of the amygdala, PFC = prefrontal cortex, NAc = nucleus accumbens, dmPFC = dorsalmedial PFC.