Table 6.
Effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on histone methylation.
| Study | Species | Exp | Region | Genes | Mark(s) | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Kyzar et al., 2019b) | Sprague Dawley rat | i.p. 2g/kg | Amg | KDM6B, Arc | H3K27me3 | - Decreased KDM6B - Increased H3K27me3 |
| - Decreased Arc expression | ||||||
| - KDM6B knockdown in CeA causes anxiety-like behavior | ||||||
| (Bohnsack et al., 2019) | Human | Amg | BDNF, Arc, EZH2 | H3K27me3 | - Increases in EZH2 and H3K27me3 associated with Arc and BDNF regulatory elements in early onset AUD | |
| (Kyzar et al., 2017) | Sprague Dawley rat | i.p. 2g/kg | Amg | Histone methyltransferases | H3K4me2, H3K9me2 | - Decreased LSD1 and LSD1+8A in CeA and MeA and increased H3K9me2 in CeA and MeA |
| (Kyzar et al., 2019a) | Sprague Dawley rat | i.p. 2g/kg | Amg | BDNF-IV, LSD1+8a | H3K9me2 | - Decreased LSD1 and increased H3K9me2 at BDNF-IV promoter |
| - Knockdown of LSD1 in CeA causes anxiety-like behavior | ||||||
| (Vetreno et al., 2019) | Wistar | i.g 5g/kg | Hipp | ChAT | H3K9me2 | - Increased H3K9me2 at Chat and Trka promoter |
| - Exercise prevents changes in H3K9me2 at Chat and Trka promoter | ||||||
| - Exercise prevents reversal learning deficits | ||||||
| (Wolstenholme et al., 2017) | DBA/2J | i.g. 4 g/kg | PFC | HTS | H3K9me1–3 and H3K36me1–3 | - Decrease of global H3K36me1–3 in males but not females |
| - Changes in myelin related genes | ||||||
| Increased ambulation and decreased sensitivity to alcohol |
Abbreviations, Exp = exposure, i.p. = intraperitoneal, i.g. = intragastric, PFC = prefrontal cortex, hipp = hippocampus, Amg = amygdala, HTS = high throughput sequencing