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. 2021 Apr 1;12(2):480–493. doi: 10.14336/AD.2020.0702

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copyright: © 2021 Hu et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Metformin delays aging by reducing oxidative stress. Metformin protects biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA by reducing excessive ROS production in the mitochondria. Furthermore, metformin can activate the SKN-1 pathway through ROS, which acts as a signaling molecule to delay aging. In addition, metformin activates SIRT3, participates in mitochondrial autophagy and reduces oxidative stress, thereby delaying cell senescence. ROS, reactive oxygen species; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; SIRT3, sirtuin 3.