Table 1.
Study characteristics
| PMID | Author | Month | Country | N | Age(y) | GW | BMI (kg/m2) | DM | HT | Asthma | Obesity | ICU | HLOS (days) | Preterm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case series | ||||||||||||||
| 32151335 | Chen et al. [23] | March | China | 9 | 33 | 37.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 4 |
| 32186894 | Liu et al. [24] | March | China | 15 | 31.5 | 25 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 3 |
| 32249918 | Li et al. [25] | March | China | 16 | 31.5 | 36.5 | NA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.5 | 13 |
| 32285380 | Liu et al. [26] | March | China | 19 | 31 | 38 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 2 |
| 32360108 | Hantoushzadeh et al. [27] | April | Iran | 9 | 37 | 43 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | NA | 6 |
| 32428964 | London et al. [28] | April | USA | 68 | 29.6 | NA | 30.25 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 14.5 | 9 | |
| 32696241 | Chen et al. [29] | April | China | 21 | 29 | NA | NA | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 32433453 | Savasi et al. [30] | May | Italy | 77 | 31.5 | 23 | 35.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 14 | NA | 12 |
| 32438521 | Zeng et al. [31] | May | China | 16 | 32.5 | 37 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 3 |
| 32439389 | Lokken et al. [32] | May | USA | 46 | 30 | 27.4 | NA | 3 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 1 | 4.5 | 1 |
| 32632417 | San-Juan et al. [33] | May | Spain | 32 | 32 | 29 | NA | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7.5 | NA |
| 32641013 | Zhang et al. [34] | May | China | 18 | 29 | 38 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 3 |
| 32553908 | Sentilhes et al. [35] | June | France | 54 | 30.6 | 30.4 | 25.3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | NA |
| 32553910 | Blitz et al. [36] | June | USA | 43 | 29.5 | 35 | 30.9 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 16 | 1 |
| 32633022 | Prabhu et al. [37] | July | USA | 70 | 31.6 | 38.6 | 31 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 3.6 | 11 |
| 32633712 | Vivanti et al. [38] | July | France | 100 | 32.8 | 27 | 27.05 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9.1 | 20 |
| 32649784 | Gabriel et al. [39] | July | Spain | 42 | 33.6 | 37.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | NA | 9 |
| 32682342 | Sahin et al. [40] | July | Turkey | 29 | 28.5 | 22 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 11 | 2 |
| 32689846 | Barbero et al. [41] | July | Spain | 91 | 33.25 | 28 | 26.2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 4 | NA | 8 |
| 32701761 | Emeruwa et al. [42] | July | USA | 100 | 32 | 28 | 30.7 | 3 | 17 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | 13 |
| 32743014 | Xu et al. [43] | July | China | 34 | 32.5 | 28 | NA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10.6 | 5 |
| 32776309 | Oncel et al. [44] | August | Turkey | 125 | NA | 34.5 | NA | 7 | 8 | 0 | NA | 8 | 6.5 | 33 |
| 32760169 | Nayak et al. [45] | August | India | 141 | 25 | 35.5 | NA | 4 | 7 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Summary | 1175 | 30.60 | 31.30 | 29.40 | 53 | 61 | 52 | 73 | 71 | 8.47 | 158 | |||
| Case report | ||||||||||||||
| 32119083 | Wang et al. [46] | February | China | 1 | 28 | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 19 | 1 |
| 32134381 | Li et al. [47] | March | China | 1 | 30 | 35 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| 32161941 | Wang et al. [48] | March | China | 1 | 34 | 40 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| 32182347 | Fan et al. [49] | March | China | 2 | 31.5 | 36.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| 32222119 | Chen et al. [50] | March | China | 5 | 28 | 39.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 0 |
| 32229802 | Lee et al. [51] | March | Korea | 1 | 35 | 37 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 32249471 | Kalafat et al. [52] | March | Turkey | 1 | 32 | 35 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| 32249924 | Gidlöf et al. [53] | March | Sweden | 1 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | NA | 2 |
| 32279693 | Khan et al. [54] | March | China | 3 | 30 | 36.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 1 |
| 32237670 | Iqbal et al. [55] | April | USA | 1 | 34 | 39 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 32305046 | Alzamora et al. [56] | April | Peru | 1 | 41 | 33 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| 32305459 | Peng et al. [57] | April | China | 1 | 25 | 35 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| 32313302 | Romero et al. [58] | April | Spain | 1 | 44 | 29 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | NA |
| 32330313 | Lu et al. [59] | April | China | 1 | 22 | 38 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 32330970 | Browne et al. [60] | April | USA | 1 | 33 | 23 | NA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 32384385 | Blauvelt et al. [61] | April | USA | 1 | 34 | 28 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 |
| 32509416 | Silverstein et al. [62] | April | USA | 2 | 25.5 | 35 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 2 |
| 32523874 | AlZagha et al. [63] | April | Jordan | 1 | 30 | 36 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| 32369616 | Li et al. [64] | May | China | 1 | 31 | 35 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 1 |
| 32382516 | Hong et al. [65] | May | USA | 1 | 36 | 23 | 41.53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 0 |
| 32405454 | Taghizadieh et al. [66] | May | Iran | 1 | 33 | 34 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | NA | 1 |
| 32425297 | Cooke et al. [67] | May | UK | 2 | 33.5 | 28 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| 32426242 | Mehta et al. [68] | May | USA | 1 | 39 | 27 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 2 |
| 32426243 | Anderson et al. [8] | May | USA | 1 | 35 | 22 | NA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| 32428290 | Yu et al. [69] | May | China | 1 | 35 | 34 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
| 32505514 | Fontanella et al. [70] | May | 2 | 34 | 35.5 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | |
| 32606133 | Grimminck et al. [71] | June | Netherlands | 1 | 31 | 38 | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 32618794 | Naqvi et al. [72] | June | USA | 1 | 35 | 22 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 |
| 32702930 | Zheng et al. [73] | June | China | 2 | 31 | 37.5 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 28.5 | 1 |
| 32716009 | Douedi et al. [74] | June | USA | 3 | 23 | 29.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 9 | 3 |
| 32740456 | Marzollo et al. [75] | June | Italy | 1 | 29 | 38 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 0 |
| 32667391 | Reis et al. [76] | July | Brazil | 3 | 29.5 | 34 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 2 |
| 32675129 | Oliva et al. [77] | July | USA | 1 | 35 | 29 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 15 | 1 |
| 32704477 | Richtmann et al. [78] | July | Brazil | 5 | 32 | 25.5 | 27.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | NA | 0 |
| 32714844 | Kolkova et al. [79] | July | Sweden | 1 | 27 | 32 | 57 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 1 |
| 32715804 | Soleimani et al. [80] | July | Iran | 1 | 30 | 21 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 0 |
| 32723092 | Easterlin et al. [81] | July | USA | 1 | 22 | 23 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 28 | 1 |
| 32754425 | Chong et al. [82] | July | USA | 1 | 41 | 32 | 35.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
| 32784239 | Ahmed et al. [83] | July | UK | 1 | 26 | 37 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 32773854 | Chhabra et al. [84] | May | India | 1 | 28 | 38 | 31.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| 32784234 | Figueiredo et al. [85] | July | Portugal | 1 | 35 | 39 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 32788159 | Federici et al. [86] | August | France | 1 | 33 | 23.5 | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 | NA | 1 | 19 | 1 |
| 32791731 | Peng et al. [87] | June | China | 1 | 33 | 38 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Summary | 64 | 31.10 | 32.72 | 35.80 |
10 (23.3) |
4 (9.3) |
4 (9.3) |
12 (29.3) |
27 (43.5) |
14.6 (9.0) |
32 (50.8) |
|||
PMID PubMed identifier, N number of subjects, GW gestational age measured in weeks, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, HT hypertension, ICU intensive care unit, HLOS hospital length of stay, NA not available, UK United Kingdom, USA United States of America