Table 2.
LS Mean Changes for Neurocognitive and Self-Report Measures throughout the Study
| Measure | Comparison | n | LS Mean Change | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | t | dz | p |
| MoCA | Baseline to Pre | 44 | 0.39 | –0.31 | 1.09 | 1.09 | . | 0.2761 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | 1.57 | 0.87 | 2.27 | 4.44 | 0.67 | <.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | 0.55 | –0.47 | 1.58 | 1.07 | . | 0.2872 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | 2.12 | 1.00 | 3.24 | 3.76 | 0.67 | 0.0003* | |
| Neurotrax | Baseline to Pre | 41 | 2.89 | 1.42 | 4.37 | 3.88 | 0.61 | 0.0002* |
| GCS | Pre to Post | 40 | 1.49 | 0.00 | 2.98 | 1.99 | 0.31 | 0.0493 |
| Post to Follow-up | 30 | 2.53 | 0.21 | 4.85 | 2.16 | 0.39 | 0.0327 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 29 | 4.03 | 1.39 | 6.66 | 3.03 | 0.56 | 0.0031* | |
| BAI | Baseline to Pre | 42 | –0.72 | –2.30 | 0.85 | –0.91 | . | 0.3630 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –3.11 | –4.66 | –1.57 | –4.00 | –0.6 | 0.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | –0.07 | –2.33 | 2.18 | –0.06 | . | 0.9490 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –3.19 | –5.65 | –0.73 | –2.57 | –0.46 | 0.0116* | |
| BDI-ii | Baseline to Pre | 42 | 0.16 | –1.29 | 1.60 | 0.22 | . | 0.8290 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –4.64 | –6.06 | –3.22 | –6.47 | –0.98 | <.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | 0.81 | –1.20 | 2.82 | 0.80 | . | 0.4276 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –3.83 | –5.99 | –1.66 | –3.50 | –0.63 | 0.0007* | |
| ESS | Baseline to Pre | 42 | 0.17 | –0.67 | 1.00 | 0.39 | . | 0.6959 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –1.64 | –2.46 | –0.81 | –3.94 | –0.59 | 0.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | –0.16 | –1.37 | 1.06 | –0.25 | . | 0.7992 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –1.79 | –3.12 | –0.46 | –2.67 | –0.48 | 0.0086* | |
| ISI | Baseline to Pre | 42 | –0.13 | –1.25 | 1.00 | –0.22 | . | 0.8228 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –3.07 | –4.17 | –1.97 | –5.52 | –0.83 | <.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | –0.38 | –1.99 | 1.23 | –0.47 | . | 0.6422 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –3.45 | –5.20 | –1.69 | –3.89 | –0.7 | 0.0002* | |
| PSQI | Baseline to Pre | 42 | –0.11 | –1.05 | 0.83 | –0.23 | . | 0.8190 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –1.93 | –2.85 | –1.01 | –4.16 | –0.63 | <.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | 0.26 | –1.03 | 1.56 | 0.40 | . | 0.6886 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –1.67 | –3.06 | –0.28 | –2.37 | –0.43 | 0.0193 | |
| WSAS | Baseline to Pre | 42 | 0.47 | –0.47 | 1.42 | 0.99 | . | 0.3239 |
| Pre to Post | 44 | –3.02 | –3.95 | –2.09 | –6.45 | –0.97 | <.0001* | |
| Post to Follow-up | 31 | –0.43 | –1.81 | 0.95 | –0.62 | . | 0.5387 | |
| Pre to Follow-up | 31 | –3.45 | –4.97 | –1.93 | –4.50 | –0.81 | <.0001* |
MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NeuroTrax GCS: Global Cognitive Score; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI-ii: Beck Depression Inventory-II; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; WSAS: Work and Social Adjustment Scale; LS Mean: pairwise least squares mean change values; 95% CI LL: 95% confidence interval lower limit; 95% CI UL: 95% confidence interval upper limit; dz: Cohen’s d for effect size of paired differences; t: test statistic; p: p-value for post-hoc pairwise comparisons. *Bonferroni-corrected significance level αB = 0.0125.