Table 1.
Characteristics | Overall |
Yes |
No |
p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample sizea | Weighted % (95% CI) | Sample sizea | Weighted % (95% CI) | Sample sizea | Weighted % (95% CI) | ||
Total | 159,331 | 100.0 (—) | 108,291 | 66.3 (65.9–66.8) | 51,040 | 33.7 (33.2–34.1) | <0.0001 |
Survey year | <0.0001 | ||||||
2009 | 17,053 | 10.7 (10.5–11.0) | 7432 | 7.2 (6.9–7.4) | 9621 | 17.8 (17.2–18.3) | |
2010 | 16,798 | 10.5 (10.3–10.7) | 9715 | 9.0 (8.7–9.2) | 7083 | 13.5 (13.0–14.0) | |
2011 | 19,144 | 10.2 (10.0–10.5) | 13,375 | 10.6 (10.2–10.9) | 5769 | 9.5 (9.1–10.0) | |
2012 | 16,687 | 9.9 (9.6–10.2) | 11,836 | 10.2 (9.9–10.5) | 4851 | 9.3 (8.8–9.8) | |
2013 | 13,611 | 9.8 (9.5–10.1) | 9813 | 10.4 (10.0–10.7) | 3798 | 8.6 (8.1–9.1) | |
2014 | 14,893 | 9.7 (9.4–10.0) | 10,933 | 10.5 (10.1–10.9) | 3960 | 8.2 (7.7–8.7) | |
2015 | 15,167 | 9.7 (9.4–10.0) | 11,322 | 10.6 (10.2–10.9) | 3845 | 8.0 (7.6–8.4) | |
2016 | 14,988 | 9.8 (9.5–10.1) | 11,000 | 10.5 (10.1–10.8) | 3988 | 8.5 (8.0–9.0) | |
2017 | 15,333 | 9.8 (9.5–10.1) | 11,174 | 10.5 (10.1–10.8) | 4159 | 8.6 (8.2–9.1) | |
2018 | 15,657 | 9.8 (9.5–10.1) | 11,691 | 10.8 (10.4–11.1) | 3966 | 7.9 (7.4–8.4) | |
Age (years) | <0.0001 | ||||||
19–23 months | 45,935 | 30.0 (29.5–30.4) | 28,886 | 27.8 (27.2–28.3) | 17,049 | 34.4 (33.6–35.2) | |
24–29 months | 50,487 | 33.9 (33.5–34.4) | 34,646 | 34.5 (34.0–35.1) | 15,841 | 32.7 (31.9–33.5) | |
30–35 months | 62,909 | 36.1 (35.6–36.5) | 44,759 | 37.7 (37.1–38.3) | 18,150 | 32.9 (32.1–33.7) | |
Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||||
Hispanic | 30,823 | 27.2 (26.7–27.7) | 20,878 | 27.1 (26.5–27.7) | 9945 | 27.3 (26.4–28.1) | |
Non-Hispanic white | 94,627 | 47.8 (47.3–48.3) | 64,889 | 48.4 (47.8–49.0) | 29,738 | 46.6 (45.8–47.5) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 14,264 | 13.0 (12.6–13.3) | 9060 | 12.1 (11.7–12.5) | 5204 | 14.7 (14.1–15.3) | |
Non-Hispanic other | 19,617 | 12.0 (11.7–12.4) | 13,464 | 12.4 (12.0–12.8) | 6153 | 11.4 (10.9–11.9) | |
Child was firstborn | <0.0001 | ||||||
No | 95,677 | 59.1 (58.6–59.6) | 63,339 | 57.3 (56.7–57.8) | 32,338 | 62.7 (61.9–63.5) | |
Yes | 63,654 | 40.9 (40.4–41.4) | 44,952 | 42.7 (42.2–43.3) | 18,702 | 37.3 (36.5–38.1) | |
Poverty status (based on FPL) | 60,795 | 28.5 (28.1–28.9) | 44,714 | 31.6 (31.1–32.2) | 16,081 | 22.2 (21.6–22.9) | <0.0001 |
Above FPL (>$75,000) | 55,881 | 33.8 (33.3–34.2) | 36,709 | 33.1 (32.6–33.7) | 19,172 | 35.1 (34.3–35.9) | |
Above FPL (up to $75,000) | 37,106 | 31.9 (31.5–32.4) | 23,252 | 29.5 (29.0–30.1) | 13,854 | 36.7 (35.8–37.5) | |
Below FPL | 5549 | 5.8 (5.5–6.1) | 3616 | 5.7 (5.4–6.0) | 1933 | 6.0 (5.5–6.4) | |
Unknown | |||||||
Marital status of mother | <0.0001 | ||||||
Married | 116,631 | 63.6 (63.1–64.1) | 80,832 | 65.2 (64.6–65.8) | 35,799 | 60.4 (59.6–61.2) | |
Never married/widowed/divorced/separated/deceased | 42,700 | 36.4 (35.9–36.9) | 27,459 | 34.8 (34.2–35.4) | 15,241 | 39.6 (38.8–40.4) | |
Education level of mother | <0.0001 | ||||||
<12 years | 17,074 | 17.6 (17.2–18.0) | 10,368 | 15.9 (15.4–16.4) | 6706 | 21.1 (20.3–21.8) | |
12 years | 28,108 | 26.7 (26.2–27.2) | 17,893 | 25.4 (24.8–25.9) | 10,215 | 29.3 (28.5–30.1) | |
>12 years, noncollege graduate | 40,492 | 21.8 (21.4–22.2) | 26,703 | 21.7 (21.3–22.2) | 13,789 | 22.0 (21.3–22.6) | |
College graduate | 73,657 | 33.8 (33.4–34.3) | 53,327 | 37.0 (36.5–37.6) | 20,330 | 27.6 (26.9–28.3) | |
Mother's age (years) | <0.0001 | ||||||
≤29 | 54,643 | 41.2 (40.7–41.7) | 34,987 | 38.7 (38.1–39.3) | 19,656 | 46.0 (45.2–46.8) | |
≥30 | 104,688 | 58.8 (58.3–59.3) | 73,304 | 61.3 (60.7–61.9) | 31,384 | 54.0 (53.2–54.8) | |
Census region | 0.1490 | ||||||
Northeast | 29,450 | 16.0 (15.8–16.1) | 20,519 | 16.1 (15.8–16.4) | 8931 | 15.7 (15.2–16.1) | |
Midwest | 34,369 | 20.8 (20.6–21.1) | 23,654 | 20.9 (20.6–21.2) | 10,715 | 20.8 (20.3–21.3) | |
South | 59,851 | 38.5 (38.2–38.8) | 40,999 | 38.7 (38.2–39.1) | 18,852 | 38.2 (37.5–38.9) | |
West | 35,661 | 24.7 (24.3–25.1) | 23,119 | 24.4 (23.8–24.9) | 12,542 | 25.3 (24.5–26.2) |
Unweighted sample size.
CI, confidence interval; FPL, federal poverty level.