TABLE IV.

Performance Comparisons of DAS Beamforming, NLM Speckle Reduction, Binary Thresholding Segmentation Followed by Morphological Filtering (abbreviated as BT), U-Net Segmentation, and DNN Results With Focused and Unfocused Input Data. Processing Times for NLM and BT Were Calculated on a CPU With Remaining Processing Times Calculated on GPUs

		Traditional Sequential Approaches				Proposed DNN Approaches
	DAS	DAS+NLM	DAS+BT	DAS+NLM+BT	DAS+U-Net	Unfocused DNN Input, Id	Focused DNN Input, Ifds
Processing Time	0.25 ms	13.29 ms	2.20 ms	15.41 ms	1.72 ms	2.53 ms	3.48 ms
Frame Rate	4,000 Hz	75 Hz	455 Hz	64 Hz	583 Hz	395 Hz	287 Hz
Phantom
DSC	N/A	N/A	0.68 ± 0.09	0.77 ± 0.08	0.92 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.01
Contrast (dB)	−17.14 ± 4.51	−16.08 ± 4.51	−17.14 ± 4.51	−16.08 ± 4.51	−17.14 ± 4.51	−39.13 ± 5.86	−37.30 ± 6.86
SNR	1.97 ± 0.22	5.76 ± 2.03	1.97 ± 0.22	5.76 ± 2.03	1.97 ± 0.22	4.96 ± 1.84	1.82 ± 0.37
gCNR	0.77 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.03	0.77 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.03	0.77 ± 0.07	0.93 ± 0.08	0.95 ± 0.03
PSNR (dB)	N/A	17.22 ± 0.99	N/A	17.22 ± 0.99	N/A	19.33 ± 0.83	23.07 ± 0.86
In Vivo Cyst #1
DSC	N/A	N/A	0.68 ± 0.00	0.76 ± 0.00	0.83 ± 0.01	0.77 ± 0.07	0.82 ± 0.03
Contrast (dB)	−13.61 ± 2.36	−11.43 ± 2.48	−13.61 ± 2.36	−11.43 ± 2.48	−13.61 ± 2.36	−25.72 ± 9.25	−25.30 ± 3.69
SNR	1.27 ± 0.07	1.76 ± 0.15	1.27 ± 0.07	1.76 ± 0.15	1.27 ± 0.07	3.94 ± 0.59	1.12 ± 0.21
gCNR	0.56 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.03	0.76 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.14	0.89 ± 0.04
PSNR (dB)	N/A	16.47 ± 0.01	N/A	16.47 ± 0.01	N/A	15.05 ± 0.86	18.86 ± 0.31
In Vivo Cyst #2
DSC	N/A	N/A	0.78 ± 0.01	0.81 ± 0.00	0.72 ± 0.07	-	0.79 ± 0.02
Contrast (dB)	−18.27 ± 2.59	−16.40 ± 2.55	−18.27 ± 2.59	−16.40 ± 2.55	−18.27 ± 2.59	-	−31.62 ± 2.56
SNR	1.29 ± 0.13	3.08 ± 0.38	1.29 ± 0.13	3.08 ± 0.38	1.29 ± 0.13	-	1.39 ± 0.12
gCNR	0.75 ± 0.09	0.94 ± 0.02	0.75 ± 0.09	0.94 ± 0.02	0.75 ± 0.09	-	0.96 ± 0.01
PSNR (dB)	N/A	19.45 ± 0.02	N/A	19.45 ± 0.02	N/A	-	19.58 ± 0.16