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. 2021 Mar 11;12:638217. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638217

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Overview of the molecular pathways of PURA and its known interactions. To date, the only protein interaction of PURA for which experimental evidence indicates a direct binding event is KIF-5 (marked in bold type). DNA and RNA targets that were confirmed by in vitro binding as well as by functional assays or direct correlation with observed effects in animal model organisms were considered to be validated targets (marked in bold letters). They include the human CD43 gene promoter (Shelley et al., 2001; Da Silva et al., 2002), FE65 promoter (Zambrano et al., 1997), Gata2 promotor region in zebrafish (Penberthy et al., 2004), MB1 regulatory region of the MBP gene (Haas et al., 1995), Mhc promoter (Gupta et al., 2003; Ji et al., 2007; Pandey et al., 2020), ovine placental lactogen promotor (Limesand et al., 2004), TGF-ß1 (Thatikunta et al., 1997; Knapp et al., 2006), and the VSM-alpha actin promoter (Knapp et al., 2006). Previously described DNA and RNA interactions of PURA were considered to be only candidate targets if direct binding had been shown either by in vitro experiments or by high-throughput analyses, but where further functional verification is lacking. Those candidate targets are displayed in regular type and include the A-ß-PP (Darbinian et al., 2008), the cMyc upstream promoter region MF0677 (Bergemann and Johnson, 1992; Jurk et al., 1996; Ding et al., 1997; Graebsch et al., 2009; Weber et al., 2016), nAch receptor (Du et al., 1997), and TNF-alpha (Darbinian et al., 2001b). Although for the latter, a reporter assay has been published, this was done only as duplicate and lacked statistical analyses. For simplicity reasons, interaction partners shown in this figure constitute a selection. A complete list of all reported interacting partners is shown in Figure 4.