Table 2.

Overall top 10 with ranking scores resulting from stage 2

Research questions included in top 10	Ranking score (%)
1. Is implementation of elements of CGA, such as screening for frailty and geriatric interventions, effective in improving outcomes for older patients?	83.5
2. Which interventions in older ED patients are effective in reducing ED or hospital length of stay?	81.0
3. Is ‘hospital at home’ effective and cost-effective in improving outcomes in older ED patients?	80.6
4. Is the presence in the ED of a geriatrician or geriatric nurse effective in improving outcomes for older ED patients?	79.6
5. What interventions are effective in reducing ED visits of older adults?	79.5
6. Does additional geriatric training of ED nurses improve patient outcomes in older ED patients?	79.5
7. Is assessment of frailty effective in reducing the number of unscheduled reattendances of older patients visiting the ED?	78.5
8. Do education and training interventions focusing on geriatric syndromes of ED staff improve outcomes for older patients in the ED?	78.0
9. Which elements of CGA, such as screening for frailty and geriatric interventions, are feasible in the ED?	77.8
10. Which alternative models of care outside the ED are safe and effective to deliver geriatric emergency medicine to older patients who would otherwise come to the ED?	77.4

The ranking scores are calculated from all submitted scores that were allocated to each research question by the respondents of the second survey

CGA comprehensive geriatric assessment, ED Emergency Department