Table 2.
Sample characteristics according to methylation of 1F region NR3C1 gene.
| Characteristic | Total | Methylation | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 60 | 21.0 | 50 | 17.5 | 10 | 3.5 | 0.009* |
| Female | 225 | 79.0 | 148 | 52.0 | 77 | 27.0 | |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 20–40 | 125 | 43.8 | 87 | 30.5 | 38 | 13.3 | 0.967 |
| 41–60 | 160 | 56.2 | 111 | 39.0 | 49 | 17.2 | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 70 | 24.6 | 55 | 19.3 | 15 | 5.3 | 0.057 |
| No single | 215 | 75.4 | 143 | 50.2 | 72 | 25.2 | |
| Education | |||||||
| Basic education | 240 | 84.2 | 167 | 58.6 | 73 | 25.6 | 0.926 |
| Higher education | 45 | 15.8 | 31 | 10.9 | 14 | 4.9 | |
| Working | |||||||
| Yes | 151 | 53.0 | 103 | 36.2 | 48 | 16.8 | 0.623 |
| No | 134 | 47.0 | 95 | 33.3 | 39 | 13.7 | |
| Income | |||||||
| Non-low income (≥ $5.00/day) | 81 | 28.4 | 58 | 20.4 | 23 | 8.0 | 0.623 |
| Low income (< $5.00/day) | 204 | 71.6 | 140 | 49.1 | 64 | 22.5 | |
| Tobacco consumption | |||||||
| No | 261 | 91.6 | 176 | 61.8 | 85 | 29.8 | 0.014* |
| Yes | 24 | 8.4 | 22 | 7.7 | 2 | 0.7 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||
| No | 201 | 70.2 | 125 | 43.9 | 75 | 26.3 | 0.000* |
| Yes | 84 | 29.8 | 73 | 25.6 | 12 | 4.2 | |
| Weekly drinking | |||||||
| < 7 drinks | 64 | 76.2 | 53 | 63.1 | 11 | 13.1 | 0.438 |
| > 7 drinks | 20 | 23.8 | 18 | 21.4 | 2 | 2.4 | |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Yes | 95 | 33.3 | 69 | 24.2 | 26 | 9.1 | 0.413 |
| No | 190 | 66.7 | 129 | 45.3 | 61 | 21.4 | |
| Leisure activity | |||||||
| Yes | 132 | 46.3 | 97 | 34.1 | 35 | 12.3 | 0.172 |
| No | 253 | 53.7 | 101 | 35.4 | 52 | 18.2 | |
| Self-rated health | |||||||
| Good or very good | 145 | 50.9 | 105 | 36.8 | 40 | 14.0 | 0.273 |
| Regular or poor | 140 | 49.1 | 93 | 32.6 | 47 | 16.5 | |
| Depression | |||||||
| BDI-II < 17 | 194 | 68.1 | 136 | 51.3 | 58 | 21.9 | 0.142 |
| BDI-II ≥ 17 | 71 | 24.9 | 43 | 16.2 | 28 | 10.6 | |
| Not available# | 20 | 7.0 | |||||
| Body mass index—BMI | |||||||
| No overweight | 96 | 33.7 | 59 | 20.7 | 37 | 13.0 | 0.036* |
| Overweight | 189 | 66.3 | 139 | 48.8 | 50 | 17.5 | |
| Vitamin D | |||||||
| Sufficiency | 264 | 92.6 | 185 | 64.9 | 79 | 27.7 | 0.434 |
| Deficiency | 21 | 7.4 | 13 | 4.6 | 8 | 2.8 | |
| High cortisol levels | |||||||
| No | 270 | 94.7 | 185 | 67.0 | 85 | 30.8 | 0.107 |
| Yes | 6 | 2.1 | 6 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Not available# | 9 | 3.2 | |||||
| Total | 285 | 100.00 | 198 | 69.50 | 87 | 30.50 | |
BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II, BFIS Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, FNS Food and Nutrition Security, FNiS Food and Nutrition Insecurity, BMI Body Mass Index. #Not available (not considered in the statistical calculations). Categorical variables presented in relative (%) and absolute (n) frequencies. Quantitative variables presented in medians and interquartile ranges (IR), according to normality (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test); * p value: Mann–Whitney U or chi-square, at 5% significance (p < 0.05).