Table 2.
Studies listing the prevalence of aPL with antibody subtypes among patients with inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) other than systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
| Study | Study design | Patients, n | Antibodies tested | aPL-positive (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | LAC, n (%) | aCL, n (%) | aβGPI, n (%) | ||||
| SSc | |||||||
| Gupta et al. [7] | Prospective cohort | 72 | LAC, aCL and aβGPI | 7 (9.7%) | 2 (28.57%) | 5 IgG (71.43%)–2 IgM (28.57%) | 1 (14.29%) |
| Martin et al. [12] | Cross-sectional | 268 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 31 (11.57%) | 17 (54.84%) | 11 IgG (35.48%)–3 IgM (9.68%) | 8 IgG (25.81%)–8 IgM (25.81%) |
| Sobanski et al. [18] | Cross-sectional | 249 | LAC, aCL and aβGPI | 16 (6.43%) | 4 (25%) | 3 IgG (18.75%) | 11 IgG (68.75%) |
| Mok et al. [26] | Cross-sectional | 53 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 7 (13.21%) | – | – | – |
| Wielosz et al. [14] | Cross-sectional | 50 | aCL and aβGPI | 28 (56%) | – | – | – |
| Toure et al. [13] | Cross-sectional | 40 | aCL and aβGPI | 23 (57.50%) | 2 (8.7%) | 7 IgG (30.44%)–2 IgM (8.7%) | 15 IgG (65.22%)–13 IgM (56.25%) |
| Morrisroe et al. [17] | Cross-sectional | 940 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 226 (24.04%) | 0 (0%) | 98 IgG (43.36%)–133 IgM (58.85%) | 63 (27.88%) |
| Rai et al. [23] | Cross-sectional | 15 | LAC and aCL | 2 (13.33%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | – |
| Boin et al. [15] | Case–control | 150 | aCL and aβGPI | 78 (52%) | – | 9 IgG (11.54%)–23 IgM (29.49%) | 1 IgG (1.28%)–31 IgM (39.74%) |
| Marie et al. [8] | Case–control | 69 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 13 (18.84%) | 3 (23.08%) | 10 IgG (76.92%)–3 IgM (23.08%) | 2 IgG (15.39%)–1 IgM (7.69%) |
| MCTD | |||||||
| Rai et al. [23] | Cross-sectional | 15 | LAC and aCL | 2 (13.33%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | – |
| Radin et al. [22] | Cross-sectional | 94 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 28 (29.79%) | 14 (50%) | 11 (39.29%) | 3 (10.71%) |
| UCTD | |||||||
| Bortoluzzi et al. [27] | Retrospective cohort | 285 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 29 (10.18%) | – | – | – |
| Radin et al. [28] | Retrospective cohort | 133 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 33 (24.81%) | 15 (45.45%) | 18 (54.54%) | 18 (54.54%) |
| SS | |||||||
| Rai et al. [23] | Cross-sectional | 15 | LAC and aCL | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Lockshin et al. [29] | Retrospective cohort | 157 | – | 3 (1.91%) | – | – | – |
| Price et al. [30] | Retrospective cohort | 245 | – | 7 (2.86%) | – | – | – |
| Pasoto et al. [9] | Case–control | 100 | LAC, aCL, and aβGPI | 16 (16%) | 9 (56.25%) | 1 IgG (6.25%)–3 IgM (18.75%) | 4 IgG (25%)–2 IgM (12.5%) |
| RA | |||||||
| Jeleniewicz et al. [31] | Cross-sectional | 97 | LAC, aCL and aβGPI | 27 (27.8%) | 1 (1%) | 12 IgG (12.5%)–11 IgM (11.3%) | 0 IgG (0%)–12 IgM (12.4%) |
| AAV | |||||||
| Jordan and D’cruz [32] | Retrospective cohort | 116 | aCL and aβGPI | 60 (52%) | 13 (21.6%) | 4 IgG (6.6%)–3 IgM (5%) | – |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | |||||||
| Sebastian et al. [33] | Randomized trial | 176 | aCL and aβGPI | 26 (14.77%) | – | 1 IgG (3.85%)–20 IgM (76.92%) | 1 IgG (3.85%)–5 IgM (19.23%) |
SSc systemic sclerosis, MCTD mixed connective tissue disease, UCTD undifferentiated connective tissue disease, SS Sjögren’s syndrome, RA rheumatoid arthritis, AAV antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis