Figure 4.

Effects of dietary modification on intrarenal cytokines and chemokines of normal mice. HS and HF+HS diets increased intrarenal expressions of TNF-α, INF-γ, MCP-1, and RANTES on day 42. The HF+HS diet also increased the expression of IL-6 on day 7 after dietary modification. Although there were no significant differences in the expression of IL-10, the intrarenal expression of VEGF was lower in the HS diet group and the HF+HS diet group on day 7 and day 42 after dietary modification. *P < 0.05, compared with the control group at each time point. ^†P < 0.05, compared with day 7 in the same group (n = 5 for each group at each time point). Statistical analyses were performed with two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's test. HF, high-fat; HS, high-salt; HF+HS, high-fat with high-salt.