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. 2021 Mar 24;11:6751. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86147-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression profiles of unprimed and primed BMSCs and CBMSCs. (A) Histogram showing gene expression of BMSCs and CBMSCs at the steady state; values are represented as Mean ± SEM and normalized to BMSCs. (B) Schematic summarizing positive and negative regulations of the gene expression of crucial osteogenic and chondrogenic players. (C) Histogram representing transcriptional profile of BMSCs upon different differentiation primings protocols; values are represented as Mean ± SEM and normalized to unprimed BMSCs. (D) Histogram representing transcriptional profile of CBMSCs upon different differentiation primings protocols; values are represented as Mean ± SEM and normalized to unprimed CBMSCs. Statistical analysis was by unpaired Student’s t-test for single experimental condition (A, E) and by one-way ANOVA followed by Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparison test for multiple experimental conditions (C, D). *Significant difference between MSCs of different tissue origin (A, E); ^#significant difference between primed and unprimed MSCs (C, D).