TABLE 3.
Overview of calcium channels with roles in the cell death and survival of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers.
| Channels | Organ | Mechanism/pathway | Induction | References |
| TRPC6 | GC | Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | Ding et al., 2018 | |
| TRPV2 | ESCC | WNT/β-catenin signaling, Cancer stem cells | Tranilast, siRNA technology | Kudou et al., 2019 |
| TRPV6 | GC | Bax, p53, JNK | Capsaicin, overexpression plasmid | Chow et al., 2007 |
| TRPM2 | GC | JNK signaling pathway | shRNA technology | Almasi et al., 2018 |
| TRPM7 | GC | MAPK | Quercetin | Kim et al., 2014 |
| CACNA2D1 | GC | Cancer stem cells | Amlodipine | Shiozaki et al., 2021 |
| CACNA2D3 | ESCC | Up-regulate intracellular free cytosolic Ca2+ | Overexpression vector | Li et al., 2013 |
| ESCC | Ca2+-mediated apoptosis, PI3K/Akt pathways | Cisplatin, overexpression plasmid | Nie et al., 2019 | |
| CACNB4 | GC | Cancer stem cells | Verapamil | Shiozaki et al., 2021 |
ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GC, gastric cancer.