TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| All patients (N = 32) | Patients with IMV (N = 24) | Patients without IMV (N = 8) | P-value | |
| Age, mean (±SD), years | 64.1 ± 12.6 | 66.9 ± 11.6* | 55.7 ± 12.4 | <0.05 |
| Male sex. No. (%) | 30 (93.8) | 23 (95.8) | 7 (87.5) | N.S. |
| IMV days, median (range), days | 6 [2–9.5] | 8.5 [6–10]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| ICU length of stay, median (range), days | 10 [6–10] | 10 [9–10]* | 6 [5.5–6] | <0.05 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (range), days | 21 [15–42] | 24.5 [18–56]* | 14 [12–16] | <0.05 |
| APACHE II score, median (range) | 19.0 [6.5–22] | 20.5 [16.5–22.5]* | 5.5 [3.0–8.5] | <0.05 |
| SOFA score, median (range) | 6 [1–8.5] | 7 [6–9.5]* | 0.5 [0–1] | <0.05 |
| Smoker, No. (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N.S. |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 3.9 | 28.3 ± 3.8 | 28.3 ± 4.7 | N.S. |
| IPAQ-SF before ICU admission, No. (%) | ||||
| Highly active | 2 (6.3) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (12.5) | N.S. |
| Active | 18 (56.3) | 12 (50) | 6 (75) | N.S. |
| Irregularly active A | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N.S. |
| Irregularly active B | 2 (6.3) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | N.S. |
| Sedentary | 10 (31.3) | 9 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | N.S. |
| COVID-19 severity | ||||
| Severe illness | 8 (25) | 0 (0) | 8 (100) | |
| Critical illness | 24 (75) | 24 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Therapeutic strategies | ||||
| Midazolam median (range), mg | 50 [25–50] | 50 [50–50]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| Midazolam median (range), days | 4.5 [0.5–10] | 6.5 [4–10]* | 0 [0–0] | |
| Fentanyl, median (range), mcg | 50 [25–50] | 50 [50–50]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| Fentanyl, median (range), days | 4.5 [0.5–10] | 6.5 [4–10]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| Noradrenaline, median (range), mcg | 0 [0–6] | 0 [0–11]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| Use of neuromuscular blocking agents, median (range), days | 1 [0–5] | 3 [0–6]* | 0 [0–0] | <0.05 |
| Hydrocortisone dose, median (range), mg | ||||
| Day 1 | 80 [80–80] | 80 [80–80] | 80 [70–80] | N.S. |
| Total by day 10 | 660 [500–735] | 690 [580–800]* | 495 [390–600] | <0.05 |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, No. (%) | 16 (50) | 8 (33.3) | 8 (100) | N.S. |
| Dialysis, No. (%) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | N.S. |
| ECMO, No. (%) | 2 (6.3) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | N.S. |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Blood glucose level, median (range), mg/dL | 178.5 [141.0–208.0] | 182 [157.5–207.5] | 137 [106.5–222.5] | N.S. |
| C-reactive protein, (±SD), mg/dL | ||||
| Day 1 | 12.5 ± 7.6 | 12.5 ± 8.4 | 12.5 ± 5.3 | N.S. |
| Day 10 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | 2.2 ± 2.1* | 0.3 ± 0.09 | <0.05 |
| D-dimer, median (range), ng/mL | 1047.5 [719–1650] | 1133.5 [812–1819.5] | 680 [501–1190] | N.S. |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 21 (65.6) | 16 (66.7) | 5 (62.5) | N.S. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 10 (31.3) | 8 (33.3) | 2 (25) | N.S. |
| Obesity | 8 (25) | 6 (25) | 2 (25) | N.S. |
| Dyslipidemia | 6 (18.8) | 4 (16.7) | 2 (25) | N.S. |
| Anxiety | 3 (9.4) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (25) | N.S. |
| Depression | 2 (6.3) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (12.5) | N.S. |
| Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome | 4 (12.5) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | N.S. |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 2 (6.3) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | N.S. |
| Nutritional information | ||||
| Caloric intake goals, median (range), Kcal/day | ||||
| Day 1 | 1610.0 ± 257.1 | 1603.6 ± 279.3# | 1629.3 ± 189.3 | N.S. |
| Day 10 | 1846.6 ± 222.6 | 1836.0 ± 203.0 | 1878,3 ± 287.3 | N.S. |
| Protein intake goals, median (range), g/day | ||||
| Day 1 | 96.6 ± 13.3 | 97.9 ± 13.5# | 92.6 ± 12.6 | N.S. |
| Day 10 | 99.0 ± 15.7 | 101.1 ± 15.8 | 92.8 ± 14.3 | N.S. |
BMI, body mass index. *P < 0.05 vs patients without IMV. #P < 0.05 vs Day 10.