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. 2021 Mar 11;12:636403. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636403

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Copyright © 2021 Devesa

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Klotho induces pituitary GH secretion. (A) Circulating klotho directly stimulates GH secretion by activating the ERK1/2 pathway (blue arrows). Indirectly, klotho also promotes GH secretion by inhibiting IGF-I and consequently its inhibitory effects on GH release (red arrows). Additionally, klotho is expressed in somatotrophs, perhaps to modulate auto/paracrine GH production (blue arrow). (B) Interestingly, plasma klotho levels are decreased in untreated GH-deficient children, but GH replacement therapy brings klotho to normal values.