Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | CBT-Ma (n=22) | WLCb (n=23) | P value | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 25 (3.319) | 24 (3.233) | .41 | ||
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
.30 | ||
|
|
Male | 10 (46) | 7 (30) |
|
|
|
|
Female | 12 (54) | 16 (70) |
|
|
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
.57 | ||
|
|
Caucasian | 13 (59) | 12 (52) |
|
|
|
|
Asian | 6 (27) | 4 (17) |
|
|
|
|
African-American | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
|
Indigenous | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
|
|
|
Other | 3 (14) | 5 (22) |
|
|
| Relationship status, n (%) |
|
|
.51 | ||
|
|
Married | 1 (5) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
|
Single | 20 (90) | 21 (91) |
|
|
|
|
Other (eg, common law) | 1 (5) | 2 (9) |
|
|
| Offspring, n | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/Ac | ||
| Work status, n (%) |
|
|
.47 | ||
|
|
Employed | 12 (55) | 15 (65) |
|
|
|
|
Not employed | 10 (45) | 8 (35) |
|
|
| Depression duration, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Depression since onset age (years) | 17 (4.13) | 17 (5.01) | .98 | |
|
|
Duration of current/last depressive episode (months) | 9 (14.60) | 19 (30.86) | .19 | |
|
|
Number of identified depressive episodes | 5.5 (5.06) | 6.1 (6.94) | .72 | |
| Psychiatric history, mean |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Previous medication trials and failures | 1.09 | 1.21 | .91 | |
|
|
Level of substance dependency or abuse | 0 | 0 | N/A | |
|
|
Number of suicide attempts (from MINId), mean | 0 | 0 | N/A | |
| Comorbidities, mean |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Psychiatric comorbidities | 3.09 | 3.26 | .77 | |
|
|
Physical comorbidities | 1.59 | 1.70 | .81 | |
| Outcomes, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Baseline BDI-IIe | 30 (8.40) | 27 (7.90) | .21 | |
|
|
Baseline BAIf (mean) | 29 (8.53) | 22 (9.40) | .008 | |
|
|
Baseline BPIg (average pain x/10) | 1.9 (2.50) | 1.6 (2.25) | .64 | |
|
|
HDRSh | 26 (6.96) | 26 (6.43) | .96 | |
|
|
QIDSi | 16 (4.30) | 15 (3.70) | .44 | |
|
|
FFMQj-Observing | 15 (3.30) | 13 (3.54) | .21 | |
|
|
FFMQ-Describe | 15 (5.25) | 14 (3.94) | .45 | |
|
|
FFMQ-Act Aware | 12 (3.81) | 14 (3.24) | .08 | |
|
|
FFMQ-Nonjudging | 11 (4.03) | 13 (3.52) | .09 | |
|
|
FFMQ-Nonreactivity | 12 (3.25) | 11 (3.44) | .32 | |
aCBT-M: mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy.
bWLC: waitlist control.
cN/A: not applicable.
dMINI: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
eBDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-2.
fBAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory.
gBPI: Brief Pain Inventory.
hHDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
iQIDS: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.
jFFMQ: 5-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.