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. 2021 Mar 25;12:211. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02277-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — TGF-β. TGF-β secreted by leukemic blasts binds to the TGF-β receptor on NK cells leading to phosphorylation, trimerization, and translocation of SMAD complexes across the nuclear membrane. The downstream epigenetic modifications inhibit NK cell function with decreased cytokine production, impaired cytotoxicity, and downregulation of NK cell activating receptors (NKG2D, NKp30, DNAM-1, TRAIL, and CD16)